Por que o STF abre mão de defender a liberdade de imprensa?
Autor | Felipe Recondo |
Páginas | 327-329 |
Page 327
A decisão do ministro Dias Toffoli, do Supremo Tribunal Federal, de cassar a liminar que impedia a quebra de sigilo de um jornalista para se investigar suas fontes, suscita a pergunta que titula este texto. Por que o STF, que consagrou a liberdade de imprensa e extinguiu a possibilidade de censura prévia ao julgar a ADPF 130, agora se vale de argumentos processuais para não se imiscuir no tema?
O ministro Toffoli - como já fez em outros casos - argumentou que os fatos narrados na reclamação (RCL 19.464) não se relacionam ao que foi julgado na ADPF 130. Naquele julgamento, o cerne da discussão era a impossibilidade de censura prévia à divulgação de informações jornalísticas. Sendo assim, o caso atual - de quebra de sigilo do repórter - não atentaria contra algo já julgado pelo Supremo. Portanto, não seria cabível o instrumento da reclamação.
A Associação Nacional dos Jornais (ANJ) agravará a decisão monocrática do ministro Dias Toffoli, o que levará os integrantes da 2ª Turma do STF a julgarem o tema. E, dentro da Turma, há ministros que já decidiram em sentido diverso.
Em outubro do ano passado, o ministro Gilmar Mendes negou o direito de resposta da campanha da presidente Dilma Rousseff na re-vista Veja em razão da publicação da matéria "O PT sob chantagem". O ministro interpretou o acórdão da ADPF 130 de forma mais ampla, permitindo que decisões como a que garantiu o direito de resposta contra a revista Veja fossem atacadas tendo como paradigma o julgamento da Lei de Imprensa.
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"O STF enalteceu a liberdade de imprensa e de informação como direito fundamental de especial relevância para os cidadãos, para a República e para a própria Democracia. A Corte frisou que uma imprensa livre é condição necessária para que haja ‘uma alternativa à versão oicial dos fatos’, o que se revela de importância ímpar em regimes políticos que se pretendam democráticos", airmou o ministro Gilmar Mendes em sua decisão.
Nas 11 páginas da ementa do acórdão da ADPF 130, o tribunal consignou: "O art. 220 é de instantânea observância quanto ao desfrute das liberdades de pensamento, criação, expressão e informação que, de alguma forma, se veiculem pelos órgãos de comunicação social. Isto sem prejuízo da aplicabilidade dos seguintes incisos do art. 5º da mesma Constituição Federal: (...) direito ao resguardo do sigilo da fonte de informação, quando necessário ao exercício proissional (inciso XIV)".
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