Supremo e as prisões: corte constitucional em vários atos
Autor | Juliana Cesario Alvim Gomes |
Páginas | 315-317 |
Page 315
No atual cenário da situação prisional no Brasil, o Supremo tem uma oportunidade de voltar a atuar como corte constitucional. Desde a decisão que cuidou das ações airmativas de corte racial, em 2012, o tribunal parecia ter abandonado uma de suas principais funções e razões de ser: a defesa de direitos fundamentais de minorias.
Nesse meio tempo, direcionou sua atuação para a jurisdição penal contra políticos, exempliicada pelo caso do Mensalão. É possível que esses casos criminais de grande repercussão tenham contribuído para elevar o capital institucional do tribunal perante a sociedade e demais poderes, deixando o Supremo - talvez até na visão dos próprios ministros - mais confortável para retomar uma agenda que vai de encontro à visão de parcela expressiva da opinião pública.
Nos últimos meses, o Supremo começou a investir essa "reserva contramajoritária" no enfrentamento da dramática questão carcerária brasileira.
Em dezembro, iniciou-se o julgamento acerca da responsabilidade civil do Estado por danos causados aos presos em decorrência de violações à sua dignidade em razão de penas cumpridas em circunstâncias desumanas.
Em agosto, o tratamento da questão carcerária se intensiicou com o julgamento de, até agora, quatro ações de alto impacto relacionadas ao problema dos presídios. Com a diferença de que em vez de enfrentar violações a direitos individuais no varejo, progressivamente, o Supremo começa a desvelar uma abordagem mais estrutural do problema.
Page 316
Primeiro discutiu-se o afastamento do reconhecimento da insigniicância em casos de reincidência na prática do crime, concluindo-se por sua avaliação em cada caso concreto. Depois, seguindo o voto do relator, ministro Lewandowski, o Plenário decidiu que para realizar direitos fundamentais dos presos, o Judiciário pode determinar à Administração Pública a realização de obras emergenciais em presídios.
Em seguida iniciou-se o julgamento acerca da descriminalização do porte de drogas para consumo, que tem profundo impacto na discussão do sistema carcerário.
Por im, o Tribunal decidiu pela constitucionalidade das audiências de custódia, que vêm sendo implementadas no âmbito de diversos tribunais pelo país revelando-se um mecanismo com grande potencial de redução do número de presos.
O ponto alto desse movimento em vários atos pode se dar com o julgamento da ADPF 347, proposta pelo PSOL com base em representação elaborada pela Clínica Uerj Direitos, da qual faço parte. A...
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