Considerações Finais
Autor | Luiz Antunes Caetano |
Páginas | 103-106 |
Page 103
A institucionalização é o desenvolvimento mais expressivo contemporâneo em matéria de arbitragem. Encontramo-lo nos Estados Unidos, promovido por essa esplêndida casa de força que é a American Association of Arbitration; por seu turno, a Union Internationale des Avocats, a Câmara de Comércio Internacional de Paris, as Câmaras de Comércio de Londres e Manchester, o Instituto Holandês de Arbitragem, a Associação Japonesa de Arbitragem mantêm em funcionamento outros sistemas de arbitragem.1Vieram esses Tribunais arbitrais institucionalizados a representar mais um progresso, em seqüência a tribunais arbitrais, que se haviam formado, sob os auspícios de bolsas de valores, de associações comerciais, de associações mercantes de diversos ramos especializados, a que já anteriormente se aludiu.
Somente o reconhecimento universal da validade da cláusula compromissória é que veio a permitir esses dois estágios de desenvolvimento, mas a exigência, ainda encontrada em diversos países, de que os árbitros sejam, tanto quanto possível, individuados na cláusula compromissória, esse aferramento a requisitos de confiança em função de pessoas em vez de se dar predomínio a uma confiança decorrente da investidura em funções, impedem que os tribunais institucionalizados possam ter maior utilização e relevo em tais países.
Page 104
Para que se possa atingir, em países como o nosso, um progresso em matéria de arbitragem, como o dos Estados Unidos ou das Nações industrializadas da Europa, necessário será promover reformas em nossas leis, adotando soluções que se revelam meritórias e eficazes alhures, unificando em estatuto único as disposições, que, hoje, repartem-se entre Código Civil e Código de Processo Civil e, principalmente, será mister que movimento divulgador de intensa propaganda, de quase proselitismo, seja feito pelas associações comerciais, pelas federações de indústrias, pelas associações profissionais de advogados.2Em prol do procedimento arbitral se hão formulado louvores e críticas. Apontam-lhes autores as vantagens; mostram-lhe outros as falhas.
Argumenta-se com o facilitamento, a economia, a celeridade, que traz o procedimento arbitral.3 RASHBA, porém, refere-nos um caso - Electric Research Products v. Vitaphone Corp., 20 Del. Ch. 417 (1934) - em que o procedimento arbitral se estendeu por 162 audiências, tomaram-se 8.000 páginas de testemunhos, gastaram-se US$ 450.000,00 (quatrocentos e cinqüenta mil dólares americanos), sem que se...
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