Dependentes do Titular
Autor | Wladimir Novaes Martinez |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado especialista em Direito Previdenciário |
Páginas | 357-359 |
Page 357
Os dependentes não contribuem diretamente para o custeio da previdência social. São assim designados por subordinarem-se economicamente ao segurado, de forma mútua, parcial ou total. A legislação os enumera, vedado o acréscimo de pessoas ali não contempladas. A dependência é nitidamente econômico-financeira e sem natureza moral.
Tanto quanto os segurados podem ser dependentes, estes últimos têm possibilidade de, simultaneamente, ambos serem segurados, conforme o caso, fazendo jus à duplicidade de prestações, sem incidir na proibição de acumulação.
A lei vigente considera dependentes três categorias de pessoas, a saber: I - o cônjuge, a companheira, o companheiro e o filho não emancipado, de qualquer condição, menor de 21 anos ou inválido; II - os pais; III - o irmão não emancipado, de qualquer condição, menor de 21 anos ou inválido.
Desde 29.4.1995, a Lei n. 9.032/1995 eliminou a pessoa designada do rol de dependentes. Contrariando a proteção assegurada pelo ato jurídico perfeito, o INSS considera perdida a condição para quem foi designado antes dessa data. Com a Lei n. 9.528/1997 (e desde 14.10.1996, com a MP n. 1.523/1996), dando nova redação ao § 2º do art. 16 do PBPS, desapareceu a figura do menor sob a guarda, restando apenas o tutelado sem bens suficientes para sustento e educação e o enteado. Agregado ou "filho de criação", só após a formalização da tutela.
431. Qualidade de dependente - A qualidade de dependente adquire-se conforme cada tipo. Principalmente, com o nascimento (filho, irmão, tutela, acometimento de invalidez etc.) - inexistência de dependente preferencial para os pais -, mas também com o casamento e o início da união estável.
Tal atributo desaparece em inúmeras situações. Salvo na hipótese de pagamento de pensão alimentícia, para os cônjuges, pelo desquite, separação judicial, divórcio ou anulação do casamento. Também para quem voluntariamente abandonou o lar por mais de cinco anos ou por tempo inferior, se o tiver abandonado sem motivo justo e a ele se recuse a voltar, conforme sentença judicial. Os companheiros a têm perdida com o desfazimento da união estável. Para os designados até 28.4.1995, pelo cancelamento da inscrição. Para os filhos, a maioridade, a emanci-
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pação (Lei n. 9.032/1995) ou a recuperação da higidez. Os pais e irmãos a perdem com a presença de cônjuge, companheiro ou filho do segurado.
432. núcleo familiar - O núcleo familiar é composto dos cônjuges, companheiros e filhos, e...
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