Do povo
Autor | Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
Páginas | 81-83 |
Page 81
Assim como antes de erguer um grande edifício, o arquiteto observa e sonda o solo para verificar se ele pode aguentar o peso, também o sábio instituidor não começa a redigir boas leis por si mesmas, mas examina antes se o povo, a que as destina, está em condição de recebê-las. Foi por isso que Platão se negou a dar leis aos Arcádios e aos Cireneus, por saber que esses povos eram ricos e não suportariam a igualdade: foi por isso que viram em Creta boas leis e maus homens, porque Minos só havia disciplinado um povo cheio de vícios.
Brilharam na Terra milhares de nações que não teriam podido suportar boas leis, e mesmo aquelas que elas teriam admitido só durar um tempo muito curto para esse fim. Como os homens9, os povos somente são dóceis em sua juventude, tornam-se incorrigíveis quando envelhecem; quando os costumes são estabelecidos e enraizados os preconceitos, querer reformá-los é empreendimento perigoso e inútil; não permite o povo que se toque em seus males
Page 82
para os destruir, semelhando a esses doentes estúpidos e sem coragem que tremem diante da presença do médico.
Não significa isso, como algumas doenças transtornam a mente dos homens e os privam da lembrança do passado, que não se encontre, algumas vezes, na duração dos Estados, épocas violentas em que as revoluções exerceram sobre o povo o que determinadas crises produzem nos indivíduos, em que o horror do passado substitui o esquecimento, e em que o Estado, incendiado pelas guerras civis, por assim dizer renasce de sua cinza e recupera o vigor da juventude ao sair dos braços da morte. Assim foi Esparta ao tempo de Lycurgo, e foi Roma, depois dos Tarquínios; e assim têm sido, entre nós, a Holanda e a Suíça, depois da expulsão dos tiranos.
Contudo, são raros esses acontecimentos; são exceções cuja razão sempre se encontra na constituição particular do Estado excetuado. Elas não aconteceriam duas vezes para o mesmo povo, visto que ele poderá fazer-se livre enquanto bárbaro, mas não o pode mais ser quando a instância civil esteja gasta. Então, as perturbações podem destruí-lo, sem que as revoluções o possam restaurar, e logo que os grilhões estejam partidos, ele tomba disperso e deixa de existir. Faz-se mister, daí em diante, um senhor e não um libertador. Povos livres, lembrai-vos desta máxima: pode-se adquirir a liberdade, mas nunca se pode recuperá-la.
Há, tanto para as nações como para os homens, um período de maturidade que se deve esperar10antes de serem
Page ...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃOSubscribers can access the reported version of this case.
You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.
Por que se inscrever na vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.
Subscribers are able to see a list of all the cited cases and legislation of a document.
You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.
Por que se inscrever na vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.
Subscribers are able to see a list of all the documents that have cited the case.
You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.
Por que se inscrever na vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.
Os assinantes podem ver as versões revisadas da legislação com emendas
You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.
Por que se inscrever na vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.
Subscribers are able to see any amendments made to the case.
You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.
Por que se inscrever na vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.
Subscribers are able to see a visualisation of a case and its relationships to other cases. An alternative to lists of cases, the Precedent Map makes it easier to establish which ones may be of most relevance to your research and prioritise further reading. You also get a useful overview of how the case was received.
Por que se inscrever na vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.
Subscribers are able to see the list of results connected to your document through the topics and citations Vincent found.
You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.
Por que se inscrever na vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.