Exigência dos cinco e dez anos
Autor | Wladimir Novaes Martinez |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado especialista em Direito Previdenciário |
Páginas | 53-54 |
Page 53
Por força da EC n. 20/98, para obter aposentadoria por tempo de contribuição prevista no art. 40, § 1º, III, além da idade e do tempo de contribuição, o servidor estatutário deve provar que ocupa o cargo público, no qual pretende se aposentar, há cinco anos e que faz parte do serviço público há dez anos.
Essa exigência lembra um pouco o período de carência de 15 anos da aposentadoria por tempo de contribuição do RGPS.
Quando da redação da EC n. 20/98, nesse sentido não se cogitou da transposição do celetista para o quadro de pessoal dos estatutários, uma exceção na Administração Pública.
Daí haver uma dúvida: saber se o período de celetista no Poder Público anterior à transposição se prestaria para atender essas exigências. Ou se o trabalhador transposto teria de cumprir essa imposição comum a que não foi transposto.
Essa é questão duvidosa, aberta a discussão, na medida em que os 10 anos no serviço público e os cinco anos no cargo, como dito, não foi prevista para a hipótese de transposição. Caso seja adotada outra exegese, forçaria quem estava na expectativa de direito, muito próximo da aposentação, ter de cumprir novamente esses dois requisitos limitativos. Mas, não cremos que assim seja.
Diz o item 52 da Nota Técnica n. 3/13:
Destarte, para o Município que instituir regime próprio de previdência social somente será iniciada essa contagem de cinco anos após a adoção do regime jurídico único estatutário, em relação aos servidores que venham a titularizar cargo efetivo.
Dessa redação parece deluir que o servidor teria os cinco anos no cargo estatutário somente contados a partir da data da eicácia da lei transformadora.
Portanto, preenchidos os demais requisitos, somente faria jus à aposentadoria no mínimo cinco anos depois.
Isso não seria adequado para quem estivesse próximo da aposentadoria, quando dessa transposição, uma vez que o art. 40, § 1º, III, da Carta Magna menciona o "exercício no serviço público" e, ainda que na condição de celetista, ele prestava serviços para um ente federado.
A hesitação do elaborador da aludida Nota Técnica é patente:
Assim, o ente político poderia preservar, como exemplo, os direitos em formação, uma expectativa de realização que não superasse cinco anos por ocasião da transição de regime (item 76).
Num comando geral, sem foco em eventuais abruptas migrações, ao ixar esse critério de uma espécie de período de carência no serviço público e no cargo, a Carta Magna não previu a transposição ora...
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