- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Função Ambiental Da Propriedade Rural E Dos Contratos Agrários
- A Função Ambiental Da Propriedade Rural
Introdução
Autor | Albenir Itaboraí Querubini Gonçalves |
Páginas | 15-17 |
Page 15
É inegável que o homem possui uma ligação própria com a terra, pois é dela que ele retira os alimentos indispensáveis para a sua sobrevivência, além de essa ser indiscutível fonte de riquezas. Entretanto, com o passar dos tempos, por meio do surgimento da noção da propriedade privada, foi a apropriação da terra pelo homem a forma de ligação que acabou se tornando preponderante. Logo a terra deixou ser um bem coletivo e passou a ser um bem individual, utilizado para o fim de atender à satisfação de seu proprietário.
A ideia de "propriedade rural" aqui desenvolvida diz respeito ao espaço físico fora do perímetro urbano das cidades (critério da localização)1. É nela que se encontram os principais bens e recur-sos naturais, a exemplo da flora, da fauna, dos recursos hídricos e minerais. Ao mesmo tempo, é também o local onde se desenvolvem as atividades agrárias, em especial a agricultura, a pecuária e o extrativismo. Portanto, pela ocorrência da superposição no mesmo espaço físico de uma atividade humana (exploração agrária) diretamente incidente sobre o meio ambiente, evidencia-se um conflito direto entre os interesses econômicos do proprietário e interesses ecológicos na proteção do meio ambiente.
A noção clássica de propriedade, cujo ápice aflorou com a Revolução Liberal Francesa de 1789, propagou a ideia de um direito absoluto conferido ao proprietário. Nesse viés, o direito do
Page 16
proprietário, em tese, não possuiria limites, podendo o proprietário fazer com sua propriedade o que bem entendesse, não se sujeitando a nenhum interesse coletivo e social. Por consequência, estaria a propriedade submetida apenas aos interesses individuais do seu proprietário, além de representar um status social a quem a detivesse. Correlacionando-se o raciocínio ao objeto do presente trabalho, significa dizer que, pela visão clássica privada sobre a propriedade rural, o ordenamento autorizava que a interferência do proprietário sobre a terra também se desse de forma praticamente absoluta e ilimitada, o que por consequência acabava, muitas vezes, acarretando graves prejuízos ao meio ambiente.
Entretanto, o quadro passou a mudar a partir das ideias solidaristas, que desencadearam na construção da teoria da função social da propriedade, a qual passou a questionar, a repensar e a contrapor essa visão privatista e individual da propriedade, resgatando a sobreposição de interesses coletivos a serem agregados ao seu conteúdo. A doutrina da função...
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