Introdução
Autor | Geraldo Aparecido do Livramento |
Ocupação do Autor | O autor é Pedagogo, graduado na primeira turma da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Votuporanga (SP). Especialista em didática |
Páginas | 242-244 |
Page 242
Em regra geral, a fixação de prestação alimentícia em face do parentesco advém de sentença de ação de alimentos, disciplinada pela Lei 5.474/68, que tem natureza mista, ou seja, natureza material e processual, daí porque esta ação de alimentos é considerada de rito especial, cuja propositura está vinculada à prova pré-constituída de
Page 243
parentesco. Esta ação de alimentos tem como objetivo sentença condenatória ao pagamento de prestação alimentícia em dinheiro, em face do parentesco. Até então, o revogado Código de Processo Civil obrigava a propositura de ação de execução autônoma, exigindo o pagamento do título executivo judicial, embora facultando ao exequente exigir o cumprimento da obrigação sob pena de prisão civil ou sob pena de penhora, nos termos da execução por quantia certa contra devedor solvente.
Por uma questão de lógica jurídica, com suporte doutrinário e orientação jurisprudencial, embora parca, na prática o credor acabava por exigir a obrigação, nos próprios autos, por via de cumprimento de sentença para o pagamento de quantia determinada, sob pena de penhora, o que era aceito pelos juízes. A utilização desta espécie não permitia o cumprimento sob pena de prisão civil.
O Novo Código de Processo Civil acabou por resolver este impasse, pois a decisão que fixar prestação alimentícia em razão do parentesco terá seu cumprimento exigido nos próprios autos, e a exigência poderá ser apresentada sob pena de prisão civil ou cumprimento de sentença para exigir o pagamento de quantia certa, nos precisos termos do disposto nos artigos 523 a 527, do Novo Código de Processo Civil. Por este motivo veio disciplinado que o processo de execução autônomo de prestação alimentícia só será possível por via de título executivo extrajudicial, pois, se a obrigação vier de sentença, esta deverá ser exigida por cumprimento nos próprios autos.
Se o devedor não honrar o título executivo extrajudicial, emitido para o pagamento de prestação alimentícia em razão do parentesco o exequente, terá que se valer da ação executiva autônoma, pelo processo de execução, e, no exercício deste direito, o exequente poderá escolher...
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