Legal pluralism: an approach from the new latin american constitutionalism and the jury of the indigenous court
| Autor | Giulia Parola, Thaiana Conrado Nogueira, Thomaz Muylaert de Carvalho Britto |
| Cargo | Professor in Environmental Law and Post-doc Researcher Scholar, Master in Constitutional Law in South America, Universidade Federal Fluminense (Niterói-RJ, Brazil)/Masters student in Constitutional Law at the Universidade Federal Fluminense (Niterói-RJ, Brazil). Graduated student in Constitucional Law, Universidade Cândido Mendes (Niterói, Rio... |
| Páginas | 621-645 |
Licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons
Licensed under Creative Commons
Legal pluralism: an approach from the new Latin American
constitutionalism and the jury of the indigenous court
Pluralismo jurídico: Uma abordagem a partir do novo
constitucionalismo latino-americano e do tribunal do júri indígena
GIULIA PAROLA I, *
I Universidade Federal Fluminense (Niterói-RJ, Brasil)
giuliaparola.law@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-5765
THAIANA CONRADO NOGUEIRA I, **
I Universidade Federal Fluminense (Niterói-RJ, Brasil)
thaiananogueira@yahoo.com.br
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-5612
THOMAZ MUYLAERT DE CARVALHO BRITTO II, ***
II Universidade Estácio de Sá (Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brasil)
thomazbritto@hotmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8217-7947
Recebido/Received: 07.10.2019/ October 7th, 2019
Aprovado/Approved: 18.11.2019/ November 18th, 2019
Revista de Investigações Constitucionais
ISSN 2359-5639
DOI: 10.5380/rinc.v6i3.69579
Rev. Investig. Const., Curitiba, vol. 6, n. 3, p. 621-645, set/dez. 2019. 621
Como citar esse artigo/How to cite this article: PAROLA, Giulia; NOGUEIRA, Thaiana Conrado; BRITTO, Thomaz Muylaert de
Carvalho. Legal pluralism: an approach from the new Latin American constitutionalism and the jury of the indigenous court.
Revista de Investigações Constitucionais, Curitiba, vol. 6, n. 3, p. 621-645, set./dez. 2019. DOI: 10.5380/rinc.v6i3.69579.
* Professor in Environmental Law and Post-doc Researcher Scholar, Master in Constitutional Law in South America, Universidade
Federal Fluminense (Niterói-RJ, Brazil). PhD in Environmental Law in the University of Paris V (France). LLM in the University of
Iceland in International Environmental Law. Bachelor of Law, Università degli Studi di Torino (Italy). E-mail: giuliaparola.law@
gmail.com.
** Masters student in Constitutional Law at the Universidade Federal Fluminense (Niterói-RJ, Brazil). Graduated student in Cons-
titucional Law, Universidade Cândido Mendes (Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Bachelor of Law, Universidade Federal Fluminense
(Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Assistant Editor of the Journal “Culturas Jurídicas”, Universidade Federal Fluminense (Niterói, Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil). E-mail: thaiananogueira@yahoo.com.br.
*** Professor of Constitutional Law at Universidade Estácio de Sá (Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil). Masters in Constitutional Law at the
Universidade Federal Fluminense (Niterói-RJ, Brazil). Postgraduate lato sensu in Constitutional Law from Universidade Cândido
Mendes (Brazil). Bachelor of Law at Universidade Federal Fluminense. E-mail: thomazbritto@hotmail.com.
Abstract
Through the presented article we seek to analyze the way
Indigenous Peoples insert themselves in the context of
the new Latin American constitutionalism, with a special
Resumo
Por meio do presente artigo, busca-se fazer uma análise,
ainda que sucinta, da forma como os indígenas se inserem
no contexto do novo constitucionalismo latino-americano,
GIULIA PAROLA | THAIANA CONRADO NOGUEIRA | THOMAZ MUYLAERT DE CARVALHO BRITTO
Rev. Investig. Const., Curitiba, vol. 6, n. 3, p. 621-645, set/dez. 2019.
622
CONTENTS
1. Introduction; 2. New Latin American Constitutionalism; 2.1. Brazilian Federal Constitution from 1988;
2.2. Equatorial Constitution from 2008; 2.3. Bolivian Constitution from 2009; 2.4. The Problem of (In)
Eectiveness of the Constitutional Commandment; 3. Legal Pluralism; 3.1. The Indigenous Jury in Brazil;
4. Conclusion; 5. References.
1. INTRODUCTION
The indigenous school was historically decimated and subdued. Seen by settlers
as inferior, they were expelled from their lands, separated from their families, violated
and even subjected to forced labor. This was a reality that marked the emergence of
what is now called Latin America. There are various countries, mainly colonized by Spa-
niards, with the exception of Brazil, whose histories have been tainted by indigenous
blood.1
Today, years after the arrival of the rst European vessels at the American con-
tinent, the natives remain marginalized from mainstream society. Indeed, there have
been many eorts to recognize rights to Indigenous Peoples and what is termed as the
new Latin American constitutionalism was the main reason for this. At the end of the
1990s, a process of amendments of the Latin American Constitutions began, triggered
especially by the end of authoritarian regimes in those countries, like Brazil and Boli-
via, for instance. One of the main consequences of this process was the introduction
of the indigenous in the constitutional texts, as subject and not as object of rights. In
1 ARAUJO JR., Julio José. Direitos territoriais indígenas: uma interpretação intercultural. Rio de Janeiro:
Processo, 2018, p. 74.
focus on the aspect of the legal pluralism and on the way
the Indigenous Peoples act towards the Judiciary. For
that, the paradigmatic cases of the Ecuadorian, Bolivian
and also the Brazilian constitutions are analyzed. From
there, we go to the concrete cases, where factual situa-
tions are veried, at least in theory, where the natives had
an active participation in the judiciary criminal process
in Brazil. The main goal of this article is to scrutinize how
those cases congure what denominates as legal plura-
lism and in what standards the Brazil dierentiates from
the other Latin American countries on the legal custody
of the indigenous rights and the recognition and respect
of «the other», here understood as a native.
Keywords: legal pluralism; new latin american constitu-
tionalism; indigenous rights; indigenous jury; Brazil.
com enfoque especial no aspecto do pluralismo jurídico e
na forma como os indígenas atuam perante o Poder Judi-
ciário. Para tanto, são analisados os casos paradigmáticos
das Constituições equatoriana e boliviana, e também da
Constituição brasileira. A partir do estudo desses diplomas,
passa-se aos casos concretos, em que são vericadas situa-
ções fáticas onde, ao menos em tese, os indígenas tiveram
uma participação ativa em processos judiciais criminais no
Brasil. O objetivo primordial do artigo é justamente vericar
em que medida esses casos conguram o que se denomina
pluralismo jurídico e em que medida o Brasil se diferencia
dos demais países latino-americanos no que tange à tutela
judicial dos direitos indígenas e ao reconhecimento e respei-
to do “outro”, aqui compreendido como o indígena.
Palavras-chave: pluralismo jurídico; novo constituciona-
lismo latino-americano; direitos indígenas; juri indígena;
Brasil.
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