Recurso de apelação - considerações
Autor | Estêvão Zizzi |
Páginas | 160-163 |
Page 160
Regra geral
A Apelação pode ser interposta no processo de conhecimento, cautelar e de execução, seguindo os procedimentos comuns, isto seja ordinário ou sumário, ou algum procedimento especial.
É um instrumento processual destinado a corrigir erro de forma (vício no procedimento) ou reexaminar provas. É um recurso de cognição ampla.
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Prazo
A Apelação deve ser interposta no prazo de 15 dias (conforme o art. 508, CPC), contados da ciência oficial da sentença, ressalvados os casos de prazo especial por privilégios da Defensoria Pública e do Ministério Público (prazos em dobro) e da Fazenda Pública, que tem prazo em quádruplo para contestar e em dobro para recorrer (art. 188, CPC) como também no litisconsórcio, desde que o pólo ativo ou passivo tenha procuradores diferentes (art. 191, CPC)
A parte contrária pode responder (contra-razoar) a Apelação em 15 (quinze) dias (réplica)(vide art. 508 do CPC).
Procedimento
A Apelação deve ser interposta mediante petição escrita, não sendo aceita a forma oral. A petição deve ser dirigida ao juiz de primeira instância que proferiu a sentença que se pretende reformar (art. 514 do CPC). A parte que interpõe o recurso deve indicar os nomes e a qualificação das partes, os fundamentos de fato e de direito e fazer pedido de nova decisão. A Apelação cível não pode ser genérica, devendo especificar quais os pontos da sentença devem ser anulados ou reformados pelo Tribunal. O recurso deve ser subscrito por advogado com mandato e instruído com o comprovante de recolhimento das custas processuais.
O juiz de primeiro grau deve se manifestar analisando os requisitos de admissibilidade que são o cabimento, a legitimidade e o interesse recursal, a inexistência de fato extintivo ou impeditivo, a tempestividade, a regularidade formal e o pagamento das custas processuais. Deve ainda o
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juiz declarar os efeitos que recebe o recurso. Em regra, é recebida nos efeitos devolutivo (já que toda a matéria de 1ª instância é devolvida á apreciação do Judiciário) e suspensivo.
A Apelação deve conter o pedido para que seja remetida ao Tribunal, onde será distribuída entre as Turmas ou Câmaras Cíveis.
No Tribunal a Apelação é distribuída a um dos Desembargadores que exercerá a função de relator e este fará nos autos uma exposição dos pontos controvertidos sobre que versar o recurso (art. 549, parágrafo único do CPC). Após, o recurso é remetido ao Desembargador revisor que deve sugerir ao relator medidas...
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