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- Aspectos Jurídicos Controversos Dos Juros E Da Comissão de Permanência
- O Contexto de Inserção Da Comissão de Permanência
Referências à origem dos juros monetários
Autor | Glauber Moreno Talavera |
Ocupação do Autor | Executivo corporativo em São Paulo; Doutor e Mestre em Direito Civil pela PUC-SP |
Páginas | 27-30 |
Page 27
Entre as várias teorias que perscrutam o fenômeno do surgimento e da existência do mútuo a juros e da usura a partir de uma análise comportamental das pessoas, posição de proeminência é reservada à teoria da Escola Austríaca, cujas bases teóricas fundamentais do seu individualismo metodológico foram perpetuadas pelo economista e Professor da Universidade de Innsbruck, Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, a partir do seu livro A Teoria Positiva do Capital.1Essa teoria, que desde o seu nascedouro, em 1870, sustenta a ideia de livre mercado como a forma mais eficiente de alocação dos fatores de produção, apregoa que a existência dos juros está indissociavelmente vinculada à manifestação das preferências temporais das pessoas, uma vez que a grande maioria tem predileção por consumir no presente, relegando o futuro para quando este se tornar presente.
A singularidade da origem e da essência dos juros monetários, portanto, está indissociavelmente relacionada às trocas e inversões inter-temporais, nas quais notadamente há uma queda de braço entre valores presentes e futuros que competem entre si, estabelecendo franca disputa entre a aptidão para arquitetar planos e o dom de refrear impulsos.
Como bem elucida Eduardo Giannetti:
“A miopia temporal envolve a atribuição de um valor demasiado ao que está mais próximo de nós no tempo, em detrimento do que
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se encontra mais afastado. A hipermetropia é a atribuição de um valor excessivo ao amanhã, em prejuízo das demandas e interesses correntes. Enquanto a miopia temporal nos leva a subestimar o futuro, a hipermetropia reflete uma subestimação do presente”.2A questão está, portanto, indissociavelmente relacionada à percepção do tempo que, para o mestre de Königsberg – o filósofo alemão Immanuel Kant –, tal qual o espaço, era uma das formas de sensibilidade. A compreensão de que se está diuturnamente diante do dilema do hiato de tempo existente entre presente e futuro, entre o instantâneo e o diferido, incita altercação entre anseios, aspirações, desígnios e satisfações. A razão prudencial tende ao sobrestamento face a apreensão, ao contrário do desejo irresistível de sentir o sabor do aqui e agora na boca da alma.
Atento à importância do tempo, preconizou Santo Agostinho: “O tempo não corre debalde, nem passa inutilmente sobre nossos sentidos”,3pois pontua de maneira indelével o grau de insegurança e ansiedade dos credores e a aflição e angústia dos devedores, não raro instados subliminarmente ao...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Aspectos jurídicos controversos dos juros e da comissão de permanência
- O Contexto de Inserção da Comissão de Permanência
- Primeiras linhas sobre a comissão de permanência
- Referências à origem dos juros monetários
- Os juros monetários desde a antiguidade
- Os juros monetários na história do Brasil
- O empréstimo como pressuposto dos juros monetários
- Os juros sob uma perspectiva econômica
- Os juros sob uma perspectiva jurídica
- Pressupostos da contratação de mútuo bancário
- Classificação dos juros
- Composição do spread bancário e a desarrazoada pretensão de tabelamento dos juros
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