The applicability of the Internet of Things (IoT) between fundamental rights to health and to privacy
| Autor | Mateus de Oliveira Fornasier |
| Cargo | Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu (Mestrado e Doutorado) em Direitos Humanos da Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Unijuí-RS Brasil) |
| Páginas | 297-321 |
Licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons
Licensed under Creative Commons
The applicability of the Internet of Things (IoT) between
fundamental rights to health and to privacy
A aplicabilidade da Internet das Coisas (IoT) entre os
direitos fundamentais à saúde e à privacidade
MATEUS DE OLIVEIRA FORNASIER I, *
I Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil)
mateus.fornasier@unijui.edu.br
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1617-4270
Recebido/Received: 25.06.2019 / June 25th, 2019
Aprovado/Approved: 25.11.2019 / November 25th, 2019
Revista de Investigações Constitucionais
ISSN 2359-5639
DOI: DOI: 10.5380/rinc.v6i2.67592.
Rev. Investig. Const., Curitiba, vol. 6, n. 2, p. 297-321, maio/ago. 2019. 297
Como citar esse artigo/How to cite this article: FORNASIER, Mateus de Oliveira. The applicability of the Internet of Things (IoT)
between fundamental rights to health and to privacy. Revista de Investigações Constitucionais, Curitiba, vol. 6, n. 2, p. 297-
321, maio/ago. 2019. DOI: 10.5380/rinc.v6i2.67592.
* Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu (Mestrado e Doutorado) em Direitos Humanos da Universidade Re-
gional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Unijuí-RS Brasil). Doutor em Direito pela Universidade do Vale do Rio dos
Sinos (Unisinos, Brasil), com Pós-Doutorado pela University of Westminster (Reino Unido). E-mail: mateus.fornasier@unijui.edu.br.
Abstract
This work aims to study main insecurities and uncertain-
ties regarding to IoT, verifying its impact to the exercise
of the fundamental rights to healthcare and to privacy.
Its specic objectives are: i) to present promises of IoT
to healthcare and treatments; ii) to expose risks and un-
certainties identied with IoT until the present moment;
iii) to analyze ethical and legal principles (mainly in Bra-
zil) concerning to IoT uses. Its main hypothesis is that
healthcare can be revolutionarily improved with IoT, but
despite of all of that revolution in good practices, good
technologies of security, securitized by public policies
and legal practices, have also to be implemented and
improved by scholars, jurists and politicians. Methodol-
ogy: hypothetical-deductive method of research, with a
qualitative and transdisciplinar method of approach, and
a bibliographical research technique. Results: IoT/IoMT
presents a great potential of actualization of the funda-
mental right to health, but the security of the collection
and storage of sensitive data should be the rst concern
Resumo
este artigo visa estudar as principais inseguranças e incer-
tezas concernentes à IoT, vericando seu impacto ao exer-
cício dos direitos fundamentais à saude e à privacidade.
Seus objetivos especícos são: i) apresentar promessas da
IoT aos serviços e tratamentos de saúde; ii) expor riscos e
incertezas identicados com a IoT até o momento presente;
iii) analisar princípios éticos e jurídicos (principalmente do
Brasil) relacionados aos usos da IoT. Sua hipótese principal é
de que os serviços de saúde podem ser revolucionariamente
melhorados com a IoT, mas apesar de toda essa revolução
em boas práticas, boas tecnologias de segurança, assegura-
das por políticas públicas e práticas legais, também têm de
ser implementadas e aperfeiçoadas por teóricos, juristas e
políticos. Metodologia: método de pesquisa hipotético-de-
dutivo, com um método de abordagem qualitativo e trans-
disciplinar, e técnica de pesquisa bibliográca. Resultados:
IoT/IoMT apresenta um grande potencial de efetivação do
direito fundamental à saúde, mas a segurança da coleta
e armazenamento de dados sensíveis deve ser a primeira
MATEUS DE OLIVEIRA FORNASIER
Rev. Investig. Const., Curitiba, vol. 6, n. 2, p. 297-321, maio/ago. 2019.
298
CONTENTS
1. Introduction; 2. IoT enhancing the fundamental right to health: promises from present to the future;
3. Risks and uncertainties of the IoT concerning the security of its usage; 4. Fundamental right to privacy
and the internet of things: ethical and juridical considerations; 5. Conclusions. 6. References.
1. INTRODUCTION
The rst Industrial Revolution (IR) started in Britain around late 18th century
with steam and water power transferring manual labor from homes to powered textile
machines in factories. The second one came in the early 20th century, with internal
combustion engines and electrical power generation (allowing mass production of au-
tomobiles, for example). The third IR took place in 1990s with electronics, personal com-
puters, and IT being in the automated production systems. Along with technological
advancements and life quality improvements, such revolutions polluted air and water
pollution and warmed the planet.
In recent years, it has been communicated that the Internet of Things (IoTs) and
data analytics are the most signicant emerging technologies that have a transforma-
tional and disruptive eect to global industry. By digitizing the physical world, IoT can
be a driver to the fourth IR. Its application to our lives opens up new opportunities and
challenges for governments, enterprises, and individuals.1
Coined by Kevin Ashton in his presentation made to Procter & Gamble (P&G) in
1999,2 the term “Internet of Things” describes a system consisting of network sensors,
actuators, and smart objects whose purpose is to interconnect ‘all’ things, including ev-
eryday and industrial objects, in such a way that turns them intelligent, programmable,
and more capable of interacting with humans and other devices.3 The internet of things
1 GENG, Hwaiyu. Internet of Things and Data Analytics in the Cloud with Innovation and Sustainability In: GENG,
Hwaiyu. Internet of Things and Data Analytics Handbook. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2017, p. 21- 79; p. 24-25.
2 GENG, Hwaiyu. Internet of Things and Data Analytics in the Cloud with Innovation and Sustainability In:
GENG, Hwaiyu. Internet of Things and Data Analytics Handbook. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2017, p. 21-
79; p. 28.
3 IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA). Internet of Things (IoT) Ecosystem Study. IEEE Standards Associa-
tion, The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc., 2015. Disponível em: https://iot.ieee.org/images/
les/pdf/iot_ecosystem_exec_summary.pdf.Acesso em: 4 fev 2019, p. 1.
in the development of systems involving such technolo-
gies, since there is an immense potential of disrespect to
the fundamental right to the privacy of individuals from
their use, not only by private third parties, but also, by
the State.
Keywords: Internet of Things; healthcare; sensible data;
security; privacy.
preocupação no desenvolvimento de sistemas envolvendo
tais tecnologias, pois há um imenso potencial de desrespei-
to ao direito fundamental à privacidade dos indivíduos a
partir do seu uso, não apenas por terceiros privados, mas
também, por parte do Estado.
Palavras-chave: Internet das Coisas; serviços de saúde; da-
dos sensíveis; segurança; privacidade.
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