- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Comentários À Lei Da Reforma Trabalhista. Dogmática, Visão Crítica E Interpretação Constitucional
- Das Normas Gerais de Tutela do Trabalho (arts. 13 a 223)
Art. 134
Autor | Carlos Eduardo Oliveira Dias - Guilherme Guimarães Feliciano - José Antônio Ribeiro de Oliveira Silva - Manoel Carlos Toledo Filho |
Páginas | 61-62 |
Page 61
"Art. 134. [... ]
§ 1º Desde que haja concordância do empregado, as férias poderão ser usufruídas em até três períodos, sendo que um deles não poderá ser inferior a quatorze dias corridos e os demais não poderão ser inferiores a cinco dias corridos, cada um.
§ 2º (Revogado).
§ 3º É vedado o início das férias no período de dois dias que antecede feriado ou dia de repouso semanal remunerado." (NR)
Comentários de Manoel Carlos Toledo Filho
A questão da rigidez do sistema de férias adotado pelo ordenamento brasileiro fora objeto de críticas recorrentes, na medida em que, em diversas situações, supostamente "engessaria" tanto a liberdade do empregado de melhor organizar seus períodos de descanso, quanto a do empresário de otimizar a prestação de serviços fracionando, de modo minimamente consistente, os lapsos de labor e de descanso do empregado.
Page 62
Diante desta perspectiva, e coerente com o espírito de flexibilização ou relativização que em tudo e para tudo norteou a reforma, o legislador ampliou as possibilidades de fracionamento do tempo de férias do empregado, de dois para três períodos, sem requisitos ou condições outras que não um singelo ajuste individual entre as partes, cuja forma, aliás, poderá inclusive ser meramente verbal. Além disso, eliminou o tratamento diferenciado que neste aspecto se concedia aos empregados menores de 18 e maiores de 50 anos, equiparando-os, para todos os efeitos, aos demais trabalhadores em geral.
Embora, a nosso juízo, a possibilidade de fracionamento das férias em períodos mínimos da ordem de 5 dias, mediante simples acordo individual, não seja a ideal ou a mais adequada, na medida em que, em situações quejandas, a inata preponderância económica e diretiva do empregador estimule que a conveniência patronal intuitivamente se superponha ao interesse real do trabalhador, fato é que, como assinalam Antonio Umberto de Souza Júnior etal., o modelo utilizado pelo legislador reformista respeita o padrão internacional estipulado pela Convenção n. 132 da OIT (ratificada pelo Brasil em 23 de setembro de 1998, com vigência nacional a partir de 23 de setembro de 1999). Nas palavras dos autores nominados, cuida-se, aqui, de um "raro momento de perfeita harmonia entre a Reforma Trabalhista e os tratados internacionais ratificados pelo Brasil" (SOUZA JÚNIOR et al., 2017, p. 115).
Por outro lado, a disposição explicitada no novel § 3º do art. 134 revela uma salutar preocupação em não fazer coincidir...
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