- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Aspectos Jurídicos Controversos Dos Juros E Da Comissão de Permanência
- A Comissão de Permanência Propriamente Dita
O enquadramento da comissão de permanência na categoria dos juros compensatórios
Autor | Glauber Moreno Talavera |
Ocupação do Autor | Executivo corporativo em São Paulo; Doutor e Mestre em Direito Civil pela PUC-SP |
Páginas | 239-242 |
Page 239
Com base nos conceitos adotados e nas ideias até aqui arquitetadas, podemos partir para o enfrentamento da questão atinente ao enquadramento da comissão de permanência como espécie de juros monetários.
Consoante já expusemos, perfilhamos a taxionomia dos juros proposta por Aroldo Gomes de Mattos, pela qual o gênero juros monetários compreende três espécies: juros moratórios, remuneratórios e compensatórios.
Os juros remuneratórios são os autênticos frutos civis do capital, produzidos durante a vigência do contrato de mútuo bancário e devidos no vencimento da avença convencionada pelas partes. Representam o preço da disponibilidade do capital cedido temporariamente. Fluem num contexto ordinário, de normalidade, de realização perfeita do contrato celebrado.
Os juros moratórios são devidos a partir do vencimento da obrigação contratual não cumprida. Têm, portanto, como pressuposto o retardamento da prestação pelo devedor. Representam punição imposta ao mutuário pelo atraso que frustra a expectativa nutrida pelo mutuante de, no tempo aprazado, ser restituído do montante emprestado acrescido dos juros remuneratórios produzidos.
Os juros compensatórios também, tal qual os moratórios, têm como pressuposto fático o inadimplemento levado a efeito pelo de-
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vedor – fluem a partir da inexecução da obrigação assumida, na data de seu vencimento –, todavia são muito mais abrangentes. Enquanto os moratórios punem meramente o atraso, os compensatórios vão além, indenizando efetivamente o credor pelos prejuízos advindos do retardamento no cumprimento da obrigação (art. 389, CC/2002).
Na definição do ilustre magistrado Paulo Jorge Scartezzini Guimarães:
“A comissão de permanência é uma taxa acrescida ao valor principal devido, sempre que há impontualidade no cumprimento da obrigação pelo devedor. Teria assim por fundamento, o fato de necessitar, a instituição financeira mutuante, no período de prorrogação forçada da operação, de uma compensação”.1A comissão de permanência, conforme delineado nos traços característicos que extraímos tanto da conceituação supra como da previsão normativa que autoriza sua cobrança, tem como hipótese de incidência a impontualidade do mutuário, porém não se confunde com os juros de mora, que têm o mesmo fato gerador, porque a cumulatividade dos encargos é autorizada e o bis in idem não receberia a chancela da autoridade normativa. Além disso, do ponto de vista da abrangência, a comissão de permanência é...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Aspectos jurídicos controversos dos juros e da comissão de permanência
- A Comissão de Permanência Propriamente Dita
- Comissão de permanência - Conceito
- A legitimidade da fonte da qual emana a autorização para a cobrança da comissão de permanência
- As razões de ordem prática que ensejam a cobrança da comissão de permanência: descasamento entre ativos e passivos e risco de refinanciamento em condições adversas
- A comissão de permanência sob a ótica das perdas e danos
- O enquadramento da comissão de permanência na categoria dos juros compensatórios
- A inexistência de potestatividade nas disposições contratuais estipuladoras da comissão de permanência
- O descabimento da cobrança da comissão de permanência à taxa SELIC
- A cobrança da comissão de permanência: natureza diversa de institutos congêneres como os juros moratórios, a correção monetária e a cláusula penal
- Posfácio
- Bibliografia
- Anexo I. Normativos do Banco Central
- Anexo II. Superior Tribunal de Justiça
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