Execução Provisória
Autor | Valter F. Simioni Silva |
Páginas | 157-160 |
Page 157
Por execução provisória entende-se a possibilidade de se cumprir o comando da sentença antes mesmo da ocorrência do seu trânsito em julgado, ou seja, na pendência do julgamento de recursos destituídos de efeito suspensivo, sendo princípio inerente ao instituto, a responsabilidade do credor, o qual se obriga a reparar eventuais danos causados ao devedor (475-O, I). É prevista, inicialmente, no art. 475-I, § 1º, segunda parte, embora, tecnicamente, mal redigido, vez que deveria empregar as expressões "cumprimento definitivo" e "cumprimento provisório" de sentença.
Art. 475-I...
§ 1º É definitiva a execução da sentença transitada em julgado e provisória quando se tratar de sentença impugnada mediante recurso ao qual não foi atribuído efeito suspensivo.
O art. 475-O regulamenta a matéria. Convém trazer à lume sua origem e as posteriores modificações. A redação original do art. 588, II, do CPC, estabelecia: a execução provisória da sentença não abrange os atos que importem alienação do domínio, nem permite, sem caução idônea, o levantamento de depósito em dinheiro. Era, portanto, expressamente proibida a transferência ao credor do patrimônio penhorado do devedor. Apenas se permitia, mediante caução, o levantamento de dinheiro depositado.
Posteriormente alterado pela Lei nº 10.444/02, o dispositivo passou a permitir, também mediante caução, a prática de atos que importem alienação de domínio, alargando a eficácia da execução provisória. O professor Cândido Rangel Dinamarco pontua que o es-
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pírito da reforma revela a idéia do processo civil como um sistema de certezas, probabilidades e riscos, já que o processo não vive só de certezas. É, portanto, imprescindível dimensionar as probabilidades de acerto e os riscos de acerto, expondo-se racionalmente a estes, mas deixando atrás de si as portas abertas para a reparação de erros eventualmente cometidos. A execução provisória é exemplo clássico de risco, que a lei mitiga ao exigir cauções em situações razoáveis, com vista a deixar o caminho aberto à reparação de possíveis erros.1
A Lei 11.232/05 manteve a diretriz na redação do 475-O, inciso
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A partir do advento da Lei 10.444/02, permitiu-se, verdadeiramente, o próprio fim da execução antes mesmo do trânsito em julgado da sentença exeqüenda, com a expedição de carta de arrematação, ato final do processo executivo, possibilitando, assim, o alcance prático de todos os...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Cumprimento da Sentença
- Dedicatória
- Prefácio
- Objetivo da Reforma
- O Novo Conceito de Sentença
- O Procedimento da Liquidação de Sentença
- Fase de Cumprimento da Sentença. Atual Execução dos Títulos Judiciais
- Meios de Defesa na Fase de Cumprimento da Sentença
- Novo Rol dos Títulos Executivos Judiciais
- Execução Provisória
- Competência
- Execução contra a Fazenda Pública
- Procedimento Monitório
- Fase de Cumprimento e Honorários Advocatícios
- Constituição de Capital na Prestação de Alimentos
- Direito Intertemporal
- Anexo I. Exposição de motivos ao Projeto de Lei 3.253/2004
- Anexo II. Quadro Comparativo entre as antigas disposições revogadas e as atuais (incluídas pela Lei 11.232/05)
- Bibliografia
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