A review of brazilian Bill N. 6,299/2002 on pesticide regulation and its impacts on food security and nutrition
| Autor | Kamila Pope - Marina Demaria Venâncio - Michelle Bonatti - Stefan Sieber |
| Cargo | Ph.D. in Law from UFSC (International Law and Sustainability). Master's degree in Law, State and Society from UFSC. Bachelor of Laws from UFSC. Visiting Researcher at ZALF. Researcher at the Environmental Law and Political Ecology in the Risk Society Research Group (GPDA / UFSC). Member of the Expert Committee of Halte a? l'Obsolescence ... |
| Páginas | 343-374 |
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Veredas do Direito, Belo Horizonte, v.17 n.38 p.343-374 Maio/Agosto de 2020
A REVIEW OF BRAZILIAN BILL N. 6,299/2002 ON
PESTICIDE REGULATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON
FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION
Kamila Pope1
Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Marina Demaria Venâncio2
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)
Michelle Bonatti3
Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Stefan Sieber4
Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
ABSTRACT
Brazilian legislative proposal n. 6,299/2002, addressing pesticide regula-
tion, represents an attempt to loosen and weaken the regulation of these
substances, threatening the rights to food and a healthy environment as
enshrined in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil. This
article reviews the bill and its more troublesome provisions through the
1 Ph.D. in Law from UFSC (International Law and Sustainability). Master's degree in Law, State and
Society from UFSC. Bachelor of Laws from UFSC. Visiting Researcher at ZALF. Researcher at the
Environmental Law and Political Ecology in the Risk Society Research Group (GPDA / UFSC).
Member of the Expert Committee of Halte à l'Obsolescence Programmée (HOP). Member of the
World Commission on Environmental Law (WCEL / IUCN). Member of Harmony with Nature
Knowledge Network Experts (HwN / UN). Lawyer and member of the Brazilian Bar Association
(OAB / SC). ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-1288 / e-mail: popekamilla@gmail.com
2 Ph.D. candidate in law (Ecological Rights and Human Rights) at UFSC. Master's degree in law
and bachelor's degree in law from UFSC. Country Representative of the Young Professionals for
Agricultural Development (YPARD). Junior Deputy Chair of the IUCN World Commission on
Environmental Law Climate Change Specialist Group. President of the Early Career Researchers
Network of Networks. Member of the Environmental Law and Political Ecology in the Risk Society
Research Group (GPDA/ UFSC). Member of the Institute O Direito por um Planeta Verde and the
Brazilian Association of Agroecology. ORCID: http://orcid. org/0000-0002-7412-5477 / e-mail:
marinademariavenancio@gmail.com
3 Ph.D. in Agriculture from the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Master's degree in Rural Development
from the Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Bachelor degree in Agronomy from UFSC. Deputy
head of ZALF's department “Sustainable Land Use in Developing Countries.” Professor of
Environmental Sociology and Environmental Policy of the master's program in Integrated Natural
Resource Management at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. ORCID: http://orcid. org/0000-0001-
8511-5365 / e-mail: Michelle.bonatti@zalf.de
4 Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics from Universität Bonn. Associate professor of Environmental
Sociology and Environmental Policy for the master's program at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
Head of ZALF's department “Sustainable Land Use in Developing Countries.” ORCID: http://orcid.
org/0000-0002-4849-7277 / e-mail: sieber@zalf.de
http://dx.doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v17i38.1755
A REVIEW OF BRAZILIAN BILL N. 6,299/2002 ON PESTICIDE REGULATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON FOOD...
344 Veredas do Direito, Belo Horizonte, v.17 n.38 p.343-374 Maio/Agosto de 2020
lenses of food security and nutrition as well as national environmental law
principles and provisions. Within this background, the paper concludes
that Bill n. 6,299/2002 works against previously achieved progress in pro-
viding alternative policy pathways for sustainable agriculture in Brazil.
It clashes with environmental law principles, neglecting precaution and
prevention, representing a regression in terms of protection levels, while
undermining human rights to food and a healthy environment. The meth-
odology includes a literature and documentary review, along with induc-
tive reasoning.
Keywords: agroecology; food security and nutrition; human right to a
healthy environment; human right to food; pesticide regulation.
UMA ANÁLISE JURÍDICA DO PROJETO DE LEI BRASILEIRO N.
6.299/2002 SOBRE A REGULAMENTAÇAO DOS AGROTÓXICOS E
SEUS IMPACTOS NA SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL
RESUMO
O projeto de lei n. 6.299/2002 acerca de regulação dos agrotóxicos bus-
ca fragilizar e enfraquecer a regulamentação destas substâncias no país,
ameaçando os direitos à alimentação e ao meio ambiente sadio. Neste
contexto, este artigo procura analisar o projeto de lei e suas proposições
mais controversas. Para isso, usará como ponto de partida as noções de
segurança alimentar a nutricional e os princípios, regras e normas de di-
reito ambiental aplicáveis à questão. Diante deste contexto, o trabalho
conclui que o projeto de lei n. 6.299 vem na antemão do desenvolvimento
de novas políticas e caminhos alternativos para a agricultura sustentável
no país, colidindo com os princípios de direito ambiental, negligenciando
a precaução e prevenção, representando uma regressão ambiental em ter-
mos de níveis de proteção e, por m, comprometendo a realização plena do
direito humano à alimentação. Adota-se o método indutivo, e as técnicas
de pesquisa bibliográca e documental.
Palavras-chave: agroecologia; direito humano à alimentação; direito
humano ao meio ambiente sadio e equilibrado; regulamentação dos
agrotóxicos; segurança alimentar e nutricional.
Kamila Pope & Marina Demaria Venâncio & Michelle Bonatti & Stefan Sieber
345
Veredas do Direito, Belo Horizonte, v.17 n.38 p.343-374 Maio/Agosto de 2020
INTRODUCTION
With the emergence of the Anthropocene,5 an era in which human-
kind is the driving force shaping the Earth’s future, socio-environmental
problems have also become increasingly interconnected, transboundary,
and complex (see CRUTZEN, 2006; BECK, 2008; LECK et al., 2015). In
particular, pesticides are a relevant example of a truly anthropogenic so-
cio-environmental problem, given their scientically proven harmful risks
and consequences for both human health and the environment (see KIM,
KABIR and JAHAN, 2017; HERNÁNDEZ et al., 2013; WILSON; TIS-
DELL, 2001). These agrochemicals challenge current legal and political
systems, which are faced with providing responses to, and coping with,
their side effects, trade-offs, and socio-environmental outcomes.
In this context, Brazil is an interesting subject: despite its rich envi-
ronmental legislation, the country often adopts contradictory rural poli-
cies that represent a regression in terms of environmental standards. More
specically, it is in the international spotlight due to Bill n. 6,299/2002
(known as the “the poison package”). The bills seeks to change signicant-
ly the rules for research, experimentation, production, storage, marketing,
packaging, transportation, export, and disposal of pesticides. As this article
demonstrates, the bill will loosen the country’s regulation on pesticides if
approved. That raises the question of whether such bills respect the Brazil-
ian Legal Framework, specically concerning the right to food, as well as
the right to a healthy and balanced environment. Thus, this paper reviews
Bill n. 6,299/2002 and its provisions related to pesticides for agricultural
purposes, adopting as its conceptual framework the notions of food secu-
rity and nutrition as well as national environmental law principles, namely
the prevention, precautionary, and non-regression principles.
Within this scenario, the rst section provides background on pesti-
cide usage in Brazil, outlining examples of the side-effects of these chem-
icals on human health and contextualising the issue. The following section
then addresses the interconnection between pesticides, food security and
nutrition, and the human right to food. The third section briey highlights
5 An increased number of scientists has been using the term Anthropocene to dene the period in
which humanity has become the predominant force interfering in the future of the planet (CRUTZEN,
2006; STEFFEN et al., 2007). According to Steffen and colleagues (2011), the term “suggests: (i) that
the Earth is now moving out of its current geological epoch called the Holocene and (ii) that human
activity is largely responsible for this exit from the Holocene, that is, that humankind has become a
global geological force in its own right”.
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