- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Jurisprudência de Insalubridade, Periculosidade, Acidentes E Doenças do Trabalho E Prova Pericial. Comentadas E Anotadas
Conceitos e definições
Autor | Tuffi Messias Saliba |
Ocupação do Autor | Engenheiro Mecânico |
Páginas | 9-10 |
Page 9
Esta obra visa orientar os leitores sobre as decisões dos Tribunais referentes à insalubridade, periculosidade, acidentes do trabalho e doenças ocupacionais. Foram pesquisadas as decisões recentes de todos os tribunais do país, incluindo o TST. Embora o juiz possa deixar de considerar as conclusões do laudo pericial, levando em conta o método realizado pelo perito (art. 479 do CPC — Código Processual Civil), na maioria das vezes isso não ocorre, por se tratar de prova técnica e científica. Desse modo, normalmente o juiz fundamenta sua decisão no parecer técnico emitido pelo perito. Nos tribunais, as decisões são examinadas principalmente do ponto de vista jurídico e, assim, o parecer técnico do perito, muitas vezes, prevalece nas decisões. Portanto, o leitor pode constatar algumas decisões equivocadas do ponto de vista de Higiene Ocupacional, provavelmente oriundos de laudos com opiniões técnicas incorretas ou até mesmo sem fundamentação.
Outro fator importante a ser considerado é a desatualização das normas pertinentes. Desde 1978, a NR-15 sofreu poucas alterações. A alteração mais significativa foi no anexo 8, que trata da vibração. A NR-15 ainda mantém critério de apuração de insalubridade instituída em norma legal há mais de 50 anos, como ocorre nas avaliações qualitativas do anexo 13 da NR-15. Na Higiene Ocupacional, a avaliação da exposição aos riscos ambientais toma como base limites recomendados por organizações especializadas, especialmente a ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists). Essa associação atualiza anualmente os limites de exposição ocupacional para todos os agentes ambientais. Inclusive, a NR-9, que trata do PPRA
— Programa de Prevenção de Riscos Ambientais, admite o uso desses limites; visando obter prova científica o perito pode, às vezes, tomar como base os limites da ACGHI, especialmente nos agentes com critério de avaliação qualitativa.
O art.190 da CLT confere ao órgão competente do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego regulamentar os critérios de caracterização de insalubridade, incluindo a fixação dos Limites de Tolerância. Desse modo, é imprescindível ao MTE atualizar os anexos da NR-15 com base nas normas técnicas de Higiene Ocupacional.
As normas de caracterização da periculosidade também necessitam de revisões, especialmente os anexos 1 e 2 da NR-16, que tratam de explosivos e inflamáveis...
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