- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Iniciação Ao Direito do Trabalho 2015
- Décima Terceira Parte. Seguridade Social
Do Seguro Privado para o Seguro Social. A Assistência, a Previdência e a Seguridade Social
Autor | Amauri Mascaro Nascimento/Sonia Mascaro Nascimento |
Páginas | 587-589 |
Page 587
Seguro é um contrato pelo qual uma das partes obriga-se, perante a outra, mediante pagamento de um prêmio, a indenizá-la do prejuízo resultante de riscos futuros, previstos no contrato (CC, art. 1.432).
O seguro divide-se em privado e social.
Seguro privado é o contrato feito entre o interessado e uma organização de direito privado. Tem como característica a natureza privatística de que se reveste, mesmo porque é fruto da autonomia da vontade e não de uma imposição estatal. O segurado financia, totalmente, o seguro privado, e os riscos que podem ser por ele cobertos são os mais variados, como bens e pessoas. É possível um seguro privado sobre automóveis, imóveis etc.
O seguro social não tem natureza contratual, pois é imposto pelo Estado aos particulares, como meio obrigatório de uma poupança coletiva. Note-se que o seguro social é feito com uma instituição de direito público, e é financiado não só pelo beneficiário, mas também por outros, como os empregadores, o Estado etc. Recai somente sobre as necessidades pessoais e não cobre riscos pertinentes aos bens materiais.
Assistência social é dever de solidariedade do Estado, da sociedade e de cada um. Não é contraprestativa. O assistido não paga pela assistência. É antiga, como já ocorria com os socorros mútuos e outros tipos que se desenvolveram ao longo da história.
Page 588
Direito de previdência social é o ramo do direito que disciplina a estrutura das organizações, o custeio, os benefícios e os beneficiários do sistema previdenciário.
Os elementos da definição serão analisados nos capítulos seguintes. Convém, no entanto, lembrar que a palavra previdência significa a faculdade de prever, acautelar-se, providenciar hoje para que não falte amanhã. “O evidente propósito de, antecipadamente, reunir recursos dos interessados e organizar mecanismos que pudessem e possam atender a contingências sociais prováveis e futuras. É isto a previdência social”, segundo Nair Lemos Gonçalves1. O direito destinado a esse fim é, portanto, o direito de previdência social.
Para alguns, esse direito é parte de outro maior, o direito de segurança social, que abrange, também, a assistência social.
Toda a sociedade conhece riscos contra os quais procura munir-se.
Um dos principais riscos é a inatividade forçada do homem que trabalha e as...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Iniciação ao direito do trabalho 2015
- Décima Terceira Parte. Seguridade Social
- Evolução Histórica
- Do Seguro Privado para o Seguro Social. A Assistência, a Previdência e a Seguridade Social
- Seguridade como Princípio Social
- Características Gerais
- Custeio do Sistema
- Beneficiários da Previdência Social
- Benefícios da Previdência Social
- Acidentes do Trabalho: Caracterização e Responsabilidades
- Bibliografia
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