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- O Incidente Da Desconsideração Da Personalidade Jurídica E o Processo do Trabalho
A sociedade empresária e a responsabilidade dos sócios
Autor | Tatiana Gonçalves Moreira |
Páginas | 31-34 |
Page 31
A sociedade empresária é definida a partir de seu objeto e o Código Civil as distingue em cinco tipos societários: i) em nome coletivo, cuja responsabilidade dos sócios é solidária e ilimitada pelas obrigações sociais (art. 1039); ii) em comandita simples, dividida entre os sócios comanditados, pessoas físicas, a responsabilidade solidária e ilimitada às obrigações sociais e, os comanditários, que respondem exclusivamente pelo valor de sua quota (art. 1045); iii) limitada, cuja responsabilidade de cada sócio se limita a sua quota parte, mas todos respondem pela integralização do capital social (art. 1052); iv) anônima, na qual os sócios dispõem de ações que compõe o capital social da sociedade e respondem somente pelo preço de emissão das ações que adquirir ou subscrever (art. 1088); v) em comandita por ações, que tem o capital dividido por ações, responsabilizando cada sócio ou acionista somente pelo preço da emissão das ações que adquirir ou subscrever (art. 1090), ressaltando que o administrador da sociedade responde de forma subsidiária e ilimitada pelas obrigações da sociedade (art. 1091). (ALMEIDA, 2016. p, 311)
A sociedade limitada é o tipo mais frequente de sociedade empresária e está prevista no art. 1052 e seguintes do Código Civil. Esta modalidade foi criada para garantir a distinção entre os bens da sociedade e os bens pessoais dos sócios, além de definir o limite de responsabilidade de cada um destes.
A inteligência do art. 1055/CC define que o capital social poderá ser dividido em quotas iguais ou não entre os sócios, e distribuídas entre estes conforme sua participação na integralização do capital social. No caso de parcela não integralizada por um dos sócios, todos os demais respondem solidariamente para a sua integralização.
No entanto, para o Direito Processual Trabalhista a tipificação da sociedade não é relevante, o que se preconiza é a satisfação do crédito mediante a análise de quem se beneficiou com aquela força de trabalho. O risco do negócio recai exclusivamente aos sócios, independente de sua participação. A exceção à regra são as sociedades sem fins lucrativos que, quando submetidas à aplicação da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica utilizam-se da teoria maior. Nesses casos há a necessidade de demonstração perante o Estado-Juiz do abuso da personalidade mediante comprovação do desvio de finalidade ou confusão patrimonial. (BATISTA, 2017)
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A CLT em seu art. 2º, §2º foi precisa no intuito de evitar distorções quanto ao uso da sociedade empresária, esclareceu que os riscos da atividade econômica são de quem se beneficia com ela, não cabendo ao trabalhador o ônus da atividade. Os riscos são da empresa. Esclareceu ainda que as empresas que compõem...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- O incidente da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica e o processo do trabalho
- Dedicatoria
- Agradecimentos
- Apresentação
- Prefácio
- Introdução
- Contexto histórico
- A desconsideração da personalidade jurídica no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro
- A sociedade empresária e a responsabilidade dos sócios
- A desconsideração inversa da personalidade jurídica
- Do cabimento do novo código de processo civil ao processo do trabalho
- Instrução Normativa n. 39/2016 do TST e sua verdadeira força legal
- O incidente da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica do código de processo civil de 2015 no processo do trabalho
- Da Reforma Trabalhista - Lei n. 13.467 de 13 de julho de 2017
- Considerações finais
- Referências bibliográficas
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