- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Os Sentidos do Cooperativismo: Entre a Autogestão E a Precarização do Trabalho
Conclusões
Autor | Fábio de Oliveira |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor do Departamento de Psicologia Social e do Trabalho do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo |
Páginas | 87-88 |
Page 87
"Onde existe reunião não precisa de patrão!"
(Maria, cooperativa de costura).
Como em qualquer processo decisório, as escolhas e as questões que originaram este estudo deixaram outras questões igualmente importantes de lado, o que, sem dúvida, aponta para o limite de tomar as cooperativas como foco único. Primeiro, não se abordou o conjunto complexo e multifacetado da economia solidária, já que se optou por estudar apenas uma dentre as várias modalidades de empreendimentos econômicos solidários. Segundo, o recorte da pesquisa não permitiu investigar as redes de cooperativas e a solidariedade entre os empreendimentos, e são justamente as redes de empreendimentos que hoje podem fazer a grande diferença em relação às experiências anteriores do movimento cooperativista (Haddad, 2003). Esses temas certamente ensejam outras pesquisas.
Por outro lado, a escolha do foco no cooperativismo e em suas faces contrastantes permitiu identificar importantes elementos de diferenciação entre as cooperativas estudadas e elencar questões pertinentes acerca das relações de trabalho que se desenrolam no interior desses empreendimentos econômicos, especialmente no que se refere à comparação entre as cooperativas populares e de produção industrial, de um lado, e as cooperativas de mão de obra, de outro.
Esses elementos de diferenciação referem-se a aspectos como: a separação entre gestão da cooperativa e gestão da produção; as distintas formas de participação nas cooperativas; as nuances de papéis como os de coordenadores e de gestores; os diferentes posicionamentos como sócio-trabalhador e como trabalhador autônomo e todos os elementos a eles associados (vínculo com a cooperativa, formas de autonomia e responsabilidades, relações com o trabalho assalariado).
Se chega a parecer óbvio que existem diferenças extremas entre cooperativas de mão de obra criadas por empresas e cooperativas inspiradas pela economia solidária criadas por trabalhadores, o que se procurou arrolar foram os modos como os próprios trabalhadores vivenciam essas diferenças em suas relações de trabalho cotidianas e as formas de montagem de cada versão do cooperativismo.
As cooperativas em que existe a vivência da autogestão constituem-se como espaços de sociabilidade nos quais seus sócios-trabalhadores têm a possibilidade de interferir sobre o próprio trabalho e, mais do que isso, de viver o árduo e enriquecedor exercício das decisões coletivas. Mesmo que não seja essa uma vivência...
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