Introdução e aspectos críticos
Autor | Mauro Schiavi |
Ocupação do Autor | Juiz titular da 19a Vara do Trabalho de São Paulo. Mestre e Doutor em Direito das Relações Sociais pela PUC/SP |
Páginas | 23-25 |
Page 23
A legislação vigorante na Roma antiga era extremamente rigorosa em relação à pessoa que deixasse de cumprir a obrigação assumida: ao contrário do que ocorre nos tempos atuais, porém, os credores romanos não podiam fazer que a execução incidisse no patrimônio do devedor, pois as medidas previstas naquela legislação prisca tinham como destinatária, em regra, a pessoa do próprio devedor. A execução era, portanto, corporal, e não patrimonial1.
Atualmente, com o avanço da sociedade, a execução não mais incide sobre a pessoa do devedor, e sim sobre seu patrimônio (princípio da humanização da execução que tem início em Roma, no século V, com a Lex Poetelia). Diz-se que a execução tem caráter patrimonial. Nesse sentido é o que dispõe o art. 789 do CPC, in verbis: O devedor responde, para o cumprimento de suas obrigações, com todos os seus bens presentes e futuros, salvo as restrições estabelecidas em lei.
Como destaca Araken de Assis2:
O art. 5913 culmina notável evolução histórica. Rompendo com as tradições romana e germânica, convergentes ao imprimir responsabilidade pessoal ao obrigado, a regra dissociou a dívida e responsabilidade. Esta última se relaciona com inadimplemento, que é o fato superveniente à formação do vínculo obrigacional, pois somente após descumprir o dever de prestar o obrigado sujeitará seus bens à execução.
Um dos capítulos do processo do trabalho que têm sido apontados como grande entrave ao acesso real e efetivo do trabalhador à Justiça do Trabalho é o da execução.
Mesmo a CLT prevendo um procedimento simplificado para a execução, a cada dia o procedimento da Consolidação vem perdendo terreno para a inadimplência, contribuindo para a falta de credibilidade da jurisdição trabalhista.
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Ainda que tenha um título executivo judicial nas mãos, o credor trabalhista tem enfrentado um verdadeiro calvário para satisfazer seu crédito, e muitas vezes o executado, tendo numerário para satisfazer o crédito do autor, prefere apostar na burocracia processual e deixar para adimplir o crédito somente quando se esgotar a última forma de impugnação.
Nesse triste cenário, a cada dia mais o processo do trabalho carece de instrumentos processuais eficazes que lhe façam realizar a promessa de efetividade da legislação social.
Atualmente, o Código de Processo Civil passa por reformas significativas, eliminando a burocracia da execução, visando a atender aos princípios da simplicidade, celeridade e efetividade do procedimento.
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Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Execução no Processo do Trabalho
- Teoria Geral da Execução Trabalhista
- Introdução e aspectos críticos
- Do conceito de execução trabalhista
- Princípios da execução trabalhista
- Da aplicação subsidiária do Código de Processo Civil na execução trabalhista e as lacunas da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho
- Competência para a execução trabalhista
- Da alteração da competência material na execução e os processos em curso em razão da Emenda n. 45/04
- Da prescrição na execução trabalhista
- Da conciliação na execução trabalhista
- Da audiência de conciliação na execução trabalhista
- Requisitos preliminares da execução trabalhista (pressupostos processuais e condições da ação executiva)
- Das condições da ação em espécie
- Do mérito da execução
- A postura do Juiz do Trabalho diante da execução
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