A postura do Juiz do Trabalho diante da execução
Autor | Mauro Schiavi |
Ocupação do Autor | Juiz titular da 19a Vara do Trabalho de São Paulo. Mestre e Doutor em Direito das Relações Sociais pela PUC/SP |
Páginas | 117-119 |
Page 117
No Estado liberal, havia prevalência da autonomia da vontade e do caráter patrimonialista do direito. Existia grande dicotomia entre o Direito Público e o Privado. No Direito Público há relação de subordinação. No Direito Privado há relação de coordenação. Na Idade Média, existia a primazia da propriedade territorial sobre os demais institutos econômicos. Do direito de propriedade derivava o poder político e o prestígio social.
Com a Revolução Francesa, o direito privado se torna também burguês. O individualismo é visto como valor a ser prestigiado, como reação do período estamental que caracterizou a era medieval. O estado medieval é pouco intervencionista.
Na época, houve as grandes codificações, marcadas pelo sistema romano-germânico de legislação escrita e rígida (v. Código de Napoleão e o Código Civil Brasileiro de 1916).
O juiz, praticamente, não podia interpretar a lei, somente podendo aplicá-la subsumindo os fatos ao prévio catálogo de lei. O juiz era apenas a "voz e a boca da lei", na expressão de Montesquieu. Tornou-se clássica a frase in claris cessat interpretatio do Código Civil Francês.
Aos juízes, reservar-se-ia o papel de bouche de la loi (boca da lei).
Na visão de Montesquieu, os juízes eram seres inanimados que não podem moderar nem a sua (a Lei) força nem o seu rigor. O juiz nada criaria, apenas aplicaria o direito (já previamente elaborado pelo legislador) ao caso concreto. O catálogo de todas as soluções possíveis já preexistiria ao caso litigioso. Ao juiz nada mais se pediria do que confrontar o fato com tal catálogo, até localizar a regra legal que resolveria o problema. Sua atividade mental seria apenas silogística147.
Page 118
Com a mudança do Estado Liberal para o Estado Social, houve mudança do paradigma jurídico, com a valorização do ser humano e despatrimonialização do direito.
O constitucionalismo social dos países ocidentais que sucede ao segundo pós- -guerra procura endereçar o Estado no sentido da promoção da igualdade substancial, mesmo que por vezes isso implique reduções ao espectro da liberdade econômica, embora sem sacrificá-la.
Nesse período, houve limitação da vontade dos particulares e desenvolvimento dos princípios da solidariedade social, dignidade da pessoa humana, prevalência do homem sobre o patrimônio.
O Estado Social consagra o chamado "constitucionalismo social", com previsão de diversos direitos privados inseridos no corpo da Constituição Federal.
Nessa ótica, há inegável...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Execução no Processo do Trabalho
- Teoria Geral da Execução Trabalhista
- Introdução e aspectos críticos
- Do conceito de execução trabalhista
- Princípios da execução trabalhista
- Da aplicação subsidiária do Código de Processo Civil na execução trabalhista e as lacunas da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho
- Competência para a execução trabalhista
- Da alteração da competência material na execução e os processos em curso em razão da Emenda n. 45/04
- Da prescrição na execução trabalhista
- Da conciliação na execução trabalhista
- Da audiência de conciliação na execução trabalhista
- Requisitos preliminares da execução trabalhista (pressupostos processuais e condições da ação executiva)
- Das condições da ação em espécie
- Do mérito da execução
- A postura do Juiz do Trabalho diante da execução
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