Natureza Exemplificativa e Não Taxativa dos Agentes Nocivos Insalubres
Autor | Fernando Vieira Marcelo |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado militante especializado em Direito Previdenciário e Sindical. Palestrante |
Páginas | 125-129 |
Page 125
No dia 05 de maio de 1999 entrou em vigor o Decreto nº 3.048, que "substituiu" o Decreto n 2.171/97. O Decreto 3.048/99 trouxe a novidade de referir-se à lista de agentes nocivos em seu Anexo IV como taxativa, ou seja, os agentes devem obrigatoriamente estar previstos no Decreto nº 3.048/99: "O rol de agentes nocivos é exaustivo, enquanto que as atividades listadas, nas quais pode haver a exposição, é exemplificativa".
Todavia existem no sistema jurídico brasileiro diversos agentes que são insalubres, com alto grau de nocividade, e que não estão previstos no Decreto, sendo necessário considerar o trabalho exercido com tais agentes nocivos como atividade especial, desde que o segurado comprove o prejuízo à saúde e/ou à integridade física, ainda que os agentes não estejam arrolados no Decreto nº 3.048/99.
A lei exigiu apenas o risco à saúde do trabalhador como condição para a fruição do benefício previdenciário em questão, sendo importante ressaltar que a mínima exposição a agentes nocivos, mesmo que não previstos no Decreto supracitado, pode trazer danos irreparáveis à saúde do trabalhador e é sobre esse fato, qual seja, a nocividade do ambiente, que repousa o fundamento principal da aposentadoria especial, tendo como base a Súmula n. 198 do extinto Tribunal Federal de Recursos, o qual estabelece que, se a perícia judicial apontar a atividade exercida pelo segurado como perigosa, insalubre ou penosa - mesmo que não prevista em regulamento -, este é merecedor da aposentadoria especial.
Page 126
Nesse sentido, o STJ:
PREVIDENCIÁRIO. APOSENTADORIA ESPECIAL. ATIVIDADE INSALUBRE. COMPROVAÇÃO POR PERÍCIA. POSSIBILIDADE. DIVERGÊNCIA JURISPRUDENCIAL NÃO DEMONSTRADA.
A Jurisprudência desta Corte é no sentido de que ao trabalhador que exerce atividade insalubre, ainda que não inscrita em regulamento, mas comprovada por perícia judicial, é devido o benefício de Aposentadoria Especial. A simples transcrição de ementas não é suficiente para caracterizar o dissídio jurisprudencial apto a ensejar a abertura da especial, devendo ser mencionadas e expostas as circunstâncias que identifiquem ou assemelhem os casos confrontados, bem como, juntadas certidões ou cópias integrais dos julgados paradigmas. Recurso parcialmente conhecido pela alínea "a", mas desprovido. [Grifo nosso]
(STJ, Resp. 233.714-RS 1.999/0090491-5. Rel. Min. Jorge Scartezzini. STJ, 5ª T., un., DJ1 242-E,...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Aposentadoria especial
- Doutrina
- Seguridade Social
- Introdução Histórica
- Conceito e Requisitos
- Insalubridade, Periculosidade e Penosidade
- Riscos Ambientais
- Exemplos de Categorias Profissionais Insalubres, Penosas e Perigosas
- Exemplos de Agentes Nocivos
- Habitualidade, Permanência e Não Intermitência
- Prova das Condições Ambientais
- Natureza Exemplificativa e Não Taxativa dos Agentes Nocivos Insalubres
- Agentes Nocivos Sem Previsão Normativa Previdenciária Atual
- Da Conversão do Tempo Laborado
- Inconstitucionalidade da Lei nº 9.711/98 e Ilegalidade do Decreto n° 2.782/98
- Equipamentos de Proteção
- Do Valor do Benefício
- Da Conversão da Aposentadoria por Tempo de Contribuição em Aposentadoria Especial
- Outros Períodos Computados
- Da Volta ao Trabalho
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