Apêndice - Assédio moral
Autor | José Osmir Fiorelli/Marcos Julio Olivé Malhadas Junior/Maria Rosa Fiorelli |
Páginas | 261-264 |
Page 261
A figura do assédio moral frequenta, cada vez mais, as preocupações de advogados, psicólogos, administradores de empresas e empresários.
Pedidos de indenização avolumam-se; tudo indica a tendência de que esse instituto torne-se cada vez mais presente no conjunto de conflitos que compõem as relações interpessoais, no trabalho, na escola, no lar.
O tema foi extensamente analisado pelos autores no livro Assédio moral — uma visão multidisciplinar (LTr, 2007), definido como:
comportamentos emitidos por uma pessoa ou um grupo de pessoas e dirigidos a outra pessoa ou grupo de pessoas, por um longo período, ocasionando danos psíquicos e/ou prejuízos de natureza funcional (FIORELLI; FIORELLI; MALHADAS, 1987, p. 42).
Por sua abrangência, trata-se de assunto que interessa a todos os profissionais do direito, porque os efeitos desses comportamentos vão muito além dos prejuízos imediatos para o assediado.
O assédio moral caracteriza-se, em conformidade com a definição apresentada, em primeiro lugar, pela longa duração do comportamento. Não se trata, pois, de ação ocasional, eventual, fortuita, pontual. Ela se repete e, portanto, a premeditação encontra-se implícita.
Em segundo lugar, os prejuízos para o assediado devem ser notáveis. Se não há, da parte deste, qualquer reação, qualquer espécie de dano, também não há o assédio — a tentativa, ainda que real, consciente ou não da parte do assediador, frustra-se.
Deve-se, também, destacar a inexistência do assédio moral em situações paradigmáticas, tais como:
— o tratamento tirânico (porém, sem a discriminação de alvo), infringido por empregadores a empregados, pais a filhos, de um cônjuge para outro;
— as humilhações típicas do relacionamento social (comuns entre cônjuges, quando um ridiculariza o outro perante amigos);
— o dano moral (exemplificado pela revista íntima em supermercado), em que a vítima é humilhada, ridicularizada ou possui sua imagem pública denegrida.
Estes casos são detalhados pelos autores na referência citada (p. 44 a 48) e devem ser bem compreendidos para que seja feita a devida distinção entre eles e o assédio moral propriamente dito. Ainda que possam originar ações no âmbito do direito, não estarão agasalhados segundo o conceito de assédio moral.
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Daí a importância da distinção precisa, porque se observa a existência de um entendimento superficial, generalizado (não apenas na população leiga), a respeito do que é, e do que não é, assédio moral.
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