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Crimes no equity crowdfunding
Páginas | 72-73 |
Page 72
AVISO AOS EMISSORES E INVESTIDORES: OFERTAS PÚBLICAS DE VALORES MOBILIÁRIOS ESTÃO SUBMETIDAS A LEIS FEDERAIS QUE, SE DESCUMPRIDAS, CONSTITUEM CRIME NO MERCADO DE VALORES MOBILIÁRIOS E NO CONTEXTO DO EQUITY CROWDFUNDING.
Conforme abordado anteriormente, o equity crowdfunding possui uma série de riscos relacionados à estruturação e natureza do negócio. Dessa forma, embo-ra ainda não haja uma regulamentação específica para essa forma de investimento, alguns crimes podem ser caracterizados no âmbito do equity crowdfunding.
Além de crimes próprios do mercado de capitais previstos na Lei nº 6.385, os crimes de estelionato e lavagem de dinheiro podem ocorrer no ambiente de negociação do equity crowdfunding.
Crime de Estelionato no Equity Crowdfunding
O crime de estelionato, previsto no art. 171 e seguintes do Código Penal Brasileiro,12estabelece que é crime "obter, para si ou para outrem, vantagem ilícita, em prejuízo alheio, induzindo ou mantendo alguém em erro, mediante artifício, ardil, ou qualquer outro meio fraudulento".
O estelionato tem duplo resultado: de um lado, obtenção da vantagem ilícita para o emissor ou plataforma, e, de outro a efetiva ocorrência de prejuízo para a vítima.
No âmbito do equity crowdfunding, o crime de estelionato pode ser con-figurado quando o emissor não divulga informações ou dados relevantes aos investidores e essa omissão causa prejuízo aos investidores e vantagem ilícita ao emissor ou plataforma.
A pena é de reclusão de um a cinco anos e multa, de acordo com o prejuízo causado aos investidores.
Lavagem de Dinheiro no Equity Crowdfunding
O crime de lavagem de dinheiro, previsto no art. 1º da Lei nº 9.613, de 3 de março de 1998, estabelece que é crime "ocultar ou dissimular a natureza, origem, localização, disposição, movimentação ou propriedade de bens, direitos ou valores provenientes, direta ou indiretamente, de infração penal".
O crime de lavagem de dinheiro caracteriza-se por um conjunto de opera-ções comerciais ou financeiras que buscam dissimular ou esconder a origem ilí-
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cita de determinados recursos ou bens patrimoniais. Dessa forma, tais recursos possuem aparente legalidade e podem ser incorporados pelo sistema finan-ceiro naturalmente, contudo são bens e valores provenientes de origem ilícita.
A lavagem de dinheiro no equity crowdfunding pode se manifestar de várias maneiras. Por exemplo, o emissor pode ofertar aos investidores títulos mobiliários de uma empresa que...
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