Personalidade Internacional - Coletividades Não Estatais
Autor | Julio César Borges dos Santos |
Ocupação do Autor | Bacharel em Direito. Professor universitário. Mestre em Relações Internacionais pela Universidade de Brasília. Pesquisador do Direito e das Relações Internacionais |
Páginas | 89-91 |
Page 89
Neste capítulo você aprenderá sobre:
· A Santa Sé;
· A Cruz Vermelha;
· Organizações não-governamentais.
Na verdade, a despeito de não compartilhar algumas das características definidoras dos Estados soberanos, a Santa Sé possui personalidade jurídica de direito das gentes. Como governo da Igreja Católica, ela encontra-se instalada no diminuto Estado do Vaticano e, em princípio, não possui nacionais, uma vez que seu elemento demográfico é composto por nacionais de outras soberanias ali instalados sob o vínculo da funcionalidade. Não obstante, à semelhança dos atores internacionais - Estados soberanos e organizações internacionais -, a Santa Sé detém o poder de celebrar tratados - não apenas concordadas - internacionais, característica que, no caso das organizações internacionais, lhes define, como já visto, a personalidade.
A Santa Sé, como pessoa internacional, possui os direitos de legação e convenção. Ela é membro de organizações internacionais e tem participado de conferências internacionais; p. ex.: Genebra, 1958, sobre o direito do mar; Genebra, 1949, sobre humanização da guerra, sendo que as con-
Page 90
venções desta última foram por ela ratificadas. É de se assinalar que a Santa Sé, sendo uma entidade soberana, goza de imunidade de jurisdição perante tribunais estrangeiros.1Portanto, no plano do direito internacional, a Santa Sé enquanto coletividade não estatal se apresentará indubitavelmente como ator relevante e possuidor de personalidade de direito internacional.
Surgida no século XI, a Soberana Ordem de Malta ou Ordem de São João de Jerusalém estabeleceu-se num hospital e albergue destinado a peregrinos. Este seria o embrião para que algum tempo depois fosse formada uma ordem religiosa e militar.
Ressalte-se, entretanto, que a Ordem de Malta não possui personalidade jurídica de direito internacional, não podendo ser parte em tratados multilaterais.
As ONG’s (organizações não-governamentais) são organizações formadas pela sociedade civil e que não possuem fins lucrativos. Suas atribuições incluem a solução de algum problema da sociedade, seja ele econômico, racial, ambiental, indo inclusive até a reivindicação de direitos e fiscalização do poder público.
WWF - World Wild Fund - Fundo para...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Curso de Direito Internacional Público
- Introdução
- O Estudo do Direito Internacional Público
- Tratados Internacionais
- Personalidade Internacional - Estado
- Personalidade Internacional - Organizações Internacionais
- Personalidade Internacional - Coletividades Não Estatais
- Personalidade Internacional - População
- Personalidade Internacional - Estrangeiros
- Personalidade Internacional - Pessoa Jurídica
- Proteção Internacional dos Direitos Humanos
- Conflitos Internacionais
- Direito Comunitário
- Domínio Público Internacional
- Responsabilidade Internacional
- Tribunal Penal Internacional
- Exercícios
- Gabarito das questões
- Bibliografia
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