Prazos de reclamação das garantias contratual e legal
Autor | Carlos Pinto Del Mar |
Páginas | 309-311 |
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Para a determinação do prazo de reclamação da garantia legal, é necessário saber, antes, se estamos diante de uma relação apenas civil ou se estamos diante de uma relação de consumo, porque os prazos são diferentes, como se demonstrará em seguida.
Já para a reclamação da garantia contratual, é necessário verificar as condições estabelecidas pelo fornecedor, pois, como visto, a garantia contratual é facultativa e pode ser concedida mediante condições de modo e prazo, estabelecidas pelos fornecedores em cada situação concreta.
Diferentemente do que acontece com a garantia legal (contra vícios de adequação) – cujos prazos de reclamação estão previstos no art. 26 do CDC e são de 30 e 90 dias – a Lei não estabelece prazo de reclamação para a garantia contratual.
Na hipótese de inexistência de prazo estabelecido para a reclamação da garantia contratual, colhe-se da jurisprudência uma interpretação teleológica e sistemática do CDC, permitindo que se aplique, à garantia contratual, os mesmos prazos de reclamação estabelecidos para o exercício da garantia legal. Ou seja, a partir do término da garantia contratual, o consumidor terá 30 dias (bens não duráveis) ou 90 dias (bens duráveis), para reclamar por vícios de adequação (a partir do surgimento) 584.
Com essa interpretação e critério, evita-se, de um lado o tolhimento do direito de reclamação e, de outro, a criação de direito objetivo de poder reclamar a qualquer tempo pela garantia contratual.
Em se tratando de uma relação apenas civil (não de consumo), os prazos para reclamar dos vícios redibitórios, no CC, são decadenciais, ou seja, atingem o próprio
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direito em discussão, e são de trinta dias para bens móveis e um ano para bens imóveis, contados da tradição (entrega) da coisa.
Conforme o sistema dos vícios redibitórios previsto no CC, há um prazo máximo para o vício se manifestar, previsto no art. 445, § 1º, que é de 180 (cento e oitenta) dias para bens móveis e de 1 (um) ano para bens imóveis585.
A NBR 15575:2013 traz a indicação, feita pela sociedade técnica, de prazos de vida útil dos diversos sistemas construtivos nela previstos (estrutural, pisos, vedações verticais internas e externas, coberturas, hidrossanitários), e recomenda diver-sos prazos de garantia, para...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Direito na construção civil
- Prazos
- Sobre a métrica da indenização
- Decadência e prescrição
- Termo inicial (dies a quo) da contagem dos prazos
- Os prazos para reclamar dos diversos tipos de vícios
- Prazos de reclamação das garantias contratual e legal
- Sobre a Súmula 194, do STJ
- Sobre o prazo prescricional de 3 (três) anos para a pretensão de reparação civil (CC, Art. 206, § 3º, V)
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