Sobre a Súmula 194, do STJ
Autor | Carlos Pinto Del Mar |
Páginas | 312-314 |
Page 312
Súmulas são enunciados que resumem o entendimento majoritário de um tribunal sobre determinado assunto por ele apreciado. O termo é originário do latim summula, que significa resumo. Com a súmula, questões que já foram exaustivamente decididas podem ser resolvidas de maneira mais rápida, mediante a aplicação de precedentes já julgados.
Na Constituição Federal, há previsão expressa sobre a possibilidade de o Supremo Tribunal Federal aprovar súmula vinculante, após reiteradas decisões, com o objetivo de validar e interpretar normas. A norma está prevista no artigo 103-A da Lei Maior, que foi incluído pela Emenda Constitucional n. 45, de 2004586.
De acordo com a legislação apontada, o Supremo Tribunal Federal, após reiteradas decisões sobre matéria constitucional, poderá aprovar súmula que terá efeito vinculante em relação aos demais órgãos do Poder Judiciário e à administração pública direta e indireta, nas esferas federal, estadual e municipal.
O objetivo é tentar assegurar o princípio da igualdade, evitando que uma mesma norma seja interpretada de formas distintas em situações fáticas idênticas, bem como possibilitar que o STF se desafogue, mediante o julgamento mais rápido e a liberação de incontáveis processos que versam sobre a mesma questão, aplicando-se a eles, a mesma decisão dada anteriormente, pelo próprio Supremo Tribunal Federal, em casos paradigmáticos. A finalidade é simples e eficiente: garantir a segurança jurídica, promover a celeridade processual e evitar a multiplicação de processos sobre questões idênticas. Há opiniões favoráveis e contrárias à adoção de súmulas vinculantes, sob variados fundamentos, mas a matéria foge ao âmbito deste trabalho.
Os textos de outros tipos de súmulas (que não possuem o efeito vinculante que a lei dá somente às súmulas do Supremo Tribunal Federal), isto é, de súmulas
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sem efeitos vinculantes, no entanto, são aprovados há anos por outros tribunais superiores, além do STF.
A primeira súmula do STF foi aprovada na sessão plenária de 13 de dezembro de 1963 e a primeira súmula do STJ data de 2 de maio de 1990.
No STJ, as súmulas de jurisprudência são aprovadas pela Corte Especial ou por qualquer das suas três Seções. Elas versam sobre diversas matérias que foram objeto de repetidas decisões das seis turmas que compõem a Corte Superior. As súmulas abrangem questões de natureza processual e também...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Direito na construção civil
- Prazos
- Sobre a métrica da indenização
- Decadência e prescrição
- Termo inicial (dies a quo) da contagem dos prazos
- Os prazos para reclamar dos diversos tipos de vícios
- Prazos de reclamação das garantias contratual e legal
- Sobre a Súmula 194, do STJ
- Sobre o prazo prescricional de 3 (três) anos para a pretensão de reparação civil (CC, Art. 206, § 3º, V)
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