- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Curso de Direito Processual do Trabalho Vol. III. Processo de Execução Processo Cautelar Procedimentos Especiais
- Processo Cautelar
- Primeira Parte - Generalidades
Responsabilidade Civil do Requerente
Autor | Manoel Antonio Teixeira Filho |
Páginas | 2486-2489 |
Page 2486
O art. 811 do CPC declara a responsabilidade civil do requerente de medida cautelar, em virtude dos prejuízos que a execução da providência vier a acarretar à parte contrária.
Embora estejamos firmemente convencidos da incompatibilidade das disposições desse artigo com o processo do trabalho, a possibilidade de eventual predominância de entendimento contrário ao que assumimos sugere-nos efetuar algumas considerações acerca da matéria.
Em tema de responsabilidade processual de uma das partes por danos causados a outra, ou mesmo a terceiro, a doutrina costuma dividir em duas categorias a conduta lesiva do litigante: de um lado, a subjetiva, que se apoia no dolo ou na culpa; de outro, a objetiva, que leva em conta apenas a existência do dano, sem indagar se esteve, ou não, na intenção da parte ocasioná-lo.
Especificamente em relação ao requerente da medida cautelar, Galeno Lacerda identifica a presença de três espécies de responsabilidade: a) a decorrente de má-fé, que, por sua natureza subjetiva, exige a prova de culpa ou dolo do litigante ímprobo ou temerário, disciplinada pelos arts. 16 a 18 do CPC; b) a derivante da sucumbência, na ação cautelar ou de mérito, de índole objetiva, regida pelo art. 20 e parágrafos do Código; c) a proveniente de outros prejuízos originados pela execução de providência (ob. cit., p. 431).
Acrescenta o renomado autor que pode ocorrer de essas três modalidades virem a se somar ou a coincidir nas hipóteses do art. 811, caso ocorra má-fé, com a correspondente sanção; mesmo que não haja má-fé, caberá à parte responder pelo fato objeto do dano, nas duas outras espécies: sucumbência e prejuízos de natureza diversa (idem).
Mesmo no plano do processo civil a responsabilidade por dano causado pela execução da medida não se aplica: a) às cautelas decretáveis de ofício (art. 797); e b) às de natureza administrativa (justificação, protestos, notificações, interpelações, etc.). Em suma: as disposições do art. 811 do CPC só incidem nas cautelares essencialmente jurisdicionais.
Vejamos, agora, as hipóteses de que cuida a mencionada norma processual civil.
Page 2487
O primeiro caso em que a lei prevê a responsabilidade do requerente pelos danos que a execução da medida vier a provocar no direito ou nos interesses da parte adversa é o de a sentença proferida no processo principal ser desfavorável ao precitado...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Processo Cautelar
- Primeira Parte - Generalidades
- Ação Cautelar
- Classificação dasAções Cautelares
- Escorço Histórico do Instituto
- Condições da Ação Cautelar
- A Pretensão Cautelar
- Ação Cautelar Inominada
- O Poder Geral da Cautela
- Jurisdição Cautelar
- Competência Cautelar
- Procedimento Cautelar
- A Sentença Cautelar
- Direito Substancial Cautelar
- Preventividade, Provisoriedade,Acessoriedade, Instrumentalidade e Sumariedade Cautelar
- Medidas Cautelares
- Suspensão do Processo Cautelar
- As Exceções no Processo Cautelar
- Responsabilidade Civil do Requerente
- Os Recursos no Processo Cautelar
- Execução das Medidas Cautelares
- Medida Cautelar e Mandado de Segurança
- Medida Cautelar eAção Direta de Inconstitucionalidade
- A Antecipação dos Efeitos da TutelaJurisdicional e sua Repercussão no Processo Cautelar
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