Introdução
Autor | Arion Sayão Romita |
Ocupação do Autor | Academia Nacional do Direito do Trabalho |
Páginas | 307-308 |
Page 307
No Brasil, os direitos fundamentais estão presentes no campo da regulação das relações de trabalho tanto individuais quanto coletivas.
No que concerne às relações individuais, a doutrina é acorde ao recomendar a conciliação do exercício do poder diretivo do empregador com "o indispensável respeito à dignidade do trabalhador"1. O respeito aos direitos individuais do trabalhador representa, aos olhos de Octavio Bueno Magano, limite ao exercício do poder diretivo, pois, no dizer do citado autor, "o exercício do poder diretivo não pode interferir em certos direitos do trabalhador, tais como o da liberdade física, o da liberdade de consciência, os derivados do status civitatis e do status familiae2.
A Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, que data de 1943, não contempla dispositivo específico destinado a limitar o poder de direção do empregador em face dos direitos de personalidade do empregado. É certo, porém, que alguns preceitos da CLT levam em conta aspectos da vida privada e da vida íntima do trabalhador. João Carlos Casella lembra, entre os do primeiro grupo (vida privada), a possibilidade do gozo de férias por membros da mesma família (CLT, art. 136, § 1º) e a recusa de prestação de serviços contrários aos bens costumes (CLT, art. 483, a) e, entre os do segundo grupo (vida íntima), a manutenção, pela empresa, de locais reservados para as empregadas amamentarem seus filhos (CLT, art. 389, § 1º, e 396). A este elenco, cabe acrescentar os dispositivos da Lei n. 9.029, de 13.4.1995, que vedam a adoção de qualquer prática discriminatória e limitativa para efeito de acesso à relação de emprego ou sua manutenção (art. 1º) e tipificam o crime de exigência de teste, atestado etc., relativo à esterilização ou a estado de gravidez (art. 2º)3.
Quanto às relações coletivas de trabalho, os direitos fundamentais a elas pertinentes serão examinados oportunamente, como manifestações dos direitos de solidariedade.
Page 308
A Constituição de 5 de outubro de 1988 ampliou o campo de atuação dos direitos fundamentais do trabalhador na regulação das relações de trabalho, valendo salientar que, logo em seu art. 1º, inclui a dignidade da pessoa humana entre os fundamentos do Estado democrático de direito em que se constitui o Brasil. O valor essencial...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Direitos Fundamentais nas Relações de Trabalho
- Terceira parte
- Introdução
- A Dignidade da Pessoa
- A Proibição de Trabalho Escravo (ou Trabalho Forçado)
- O Respeito à Intimidade
- O Respeito à Vida Privada
- O Respeito à Honra
- O Respeito à Imagem
- Direito à Livre Manifestação do Pensamento; à Liberdade de Consciência e de Crença; e à Liberdade de Expressão e Informação
- Direito ao Sigilo da Correspondência e das Comunicações Telegráficas, de Dados e das Comunicações Telefônicas. A Questão do Correio Eletrônico
- Direito à Igualdade. Proibição de Discriminação
- Os Direitos de Solidariedade
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