O Respeito à Vida Privada
Autor | Arion Sayão Romita |
Ocupação do Autor | Academia Nacional do Direito do Trabalho |
Páginas | 323-324 |
Page 323
A Constituição, no art. 5º, inciso X, declara inviolável a vida privada das pessoas. Tal como a proteção à intimidade, a proteção à vida privada alcança também a pessoa do trabalhador, quando em foco a relação de trabalho subordinado. Como empregado, o trabalhador é também titular de direitos fundamentais assegurados genericamente às pessoas, já que, embora submetido à subordinação jurídica, conserva as prerrogativas decorrentes da cidadania: cidadão na República, o trabalhador continua a ser cidadão na empresa e, como tal, tem direito a respeito à sua vida privada por parte do empregador.
De acordo com o Código Civil de 2002, em vigor em 2003 (art. 21), a vida privada da pessoa natural é inviolável e o juiz, a requerimento do interessado, adotará as providências necessárias para impedir ou fazer cessar ato contrário a esta norma.
A Constituição emprega no mesmo dispositivo os vocábulos intimidade, vida privada, honra e imagem. Cumpre, em consequência, distingui-los entre si, posto que não se trate de tarefa simples. A maior dificuldade reside na diferença entre intimidade e vida privada, por serem aparentemente expressões sinônimas. No particular, tem pertinência a observação de Manoel Gonçalves Ferreira Filho: na Constituição, "é praticamente impossível aplicar a regra segundo a qual num texto jurídico inexistem palavras inúteis"1. Se a Constituição (que, com observância da regra, não contém palavras inúteis) emprega as duas expressões, é certo que, com elas, pretende veicular noções distintas. Como, porém, distinguir intimidade de vida privada?
Cabe aplicar a técnica das esferas concêntricas, em que a mais ampla envolve as menores. Partindo de dentro para fora teremos: a) intimidade; b) vida privada; c) vida pública.
A esfera da intimidade é a interior, a de raio menor: envolve, como vimos, os aspectos mais recônditos da vida do trabalhador, aqueles que deseja guardar só para si, isolando-os da intromissão do empregador. Já a esfera da vida privada é mais ampla, sobrepõe-se à da intimidade, tem raio maior do que a primeira: nela se encaixam os aspectos que dizem respeito à privacidade do trabalhador. Por privacidade, neste contexto, deve entender
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se a faculdade assegurada ao empregado de excluir o empregador do acesso a informações e de impedir que sejam divulgadas tais informações, capazes de afetar sua sensibilidade, na extensa "área da manifestação existencial do ser humano", para usar expressão de Celso Bastos2...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Direitos Fundamentais nas Relações de Trabalho
- Terceira parte
- Introdução
- A Dignidade da Pessoa
- A Proibição de Trabalho Escravo (ou Trabalho Forçado)
- O Respeito à Intimidade
- O Respeito à Vida Privada
- O Respeito à Honra
- O Respeito à Imagem
- Direito à Livre Manifestação do Pensamento; à Liberdade de Consciência e de Crença; e à Liberdade de Expressão e Informação
- Direito ao Sigilo da Correspondência e das Comunicações Telegráficas, de Dados e das Comunicações Telefônicas. A Questão do Correio Eletrônico
- Direito à Igualdade. Proibição de Discriminação
- Os Direitos de Solidariedade
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