Desaposentação
Autor | Bruno Sá Freire Martins |
Páginas | 197-200 |
Page 197
A aposentadoria sempre foi tida como direito imprescritível e principalmente irrenunciável por parte do segurado que dele vem a usufruir.
Tanto que, no âmbito do Regime Geral, promoveu-se, por intermédio do Decreto n. 3.265/1999, modificação no Decreto n. 3.048/1999, estabelecendo que as aposentadorias por idade, tempo de contribuição e especial concedidas pela previdência social, na forma deste Regulamento, são irreversíveis e irrenunciáveis (grifamos).
Na verdade, o verdadeiro intento da modificação promovida no ato administrativo foi o de impedir o crescimento de um novo instituto, surgido em âmbito doutrinário e jurisprudencial, mas a modificação não surtiu o efeito esperado.
Esse novel instituto consiste na possibilidade de cancelamento ou renúncia à aposentadoria da qual o segurado é beneficiário para que o tempo de contribuição que serviu de base para a sua concessão possa ser utilizado na obtenção de uma nova aposentação mais vantajosa no mesmo ou em outro regime previdenciário, denominado DESAPOSENTAÇÃO.
A desaposentação, desde que vinculada à melhoria econômica do segurado, ao contrário de violar direitos, somente os amplia. Seu objetivo será sempre a primazia do bem-estar do indivíduo, algo desejável por toda a sociedade239.
Ainda assim, uma série de questionamentos é levantada com o objetivo de impedir a sua concretização no ordenamento jurídico pátrio, discute-se o fato de que a aposentadoria consiste em ato jurídico perfeito e como tal não pode ser desfeito,
Page 198
que haveria ofensa ao equilíbrio atuarial do sistema, além da obrigatoriedade ou não de devolução dos valores recebidos enquanto aposentado.
Contudo, em sede doutrinária e jurisprudencial, vem se consolidando cada vez mais a possibilidade de concretização da renúncia ao primeiro benefício, sem qualquer ofensa ao ato jurídico perfeito ou mesmo ao equilíbrio atuarial e, principalmente, reconhecendo-se a possibilidade de sua ocorrência sem a obrigatoriedade de devolução dos valores recebidos.
Tanto que o Superior Tribunal de Justiça, recentemente se posicionou no sentido de que:
RECURSO ESPECIAL. MATÉRIA REPETITIVA. ART. 543-C DO CPC E RESOLUÇÃO STJ N. 8/2008. RECURSO REPRESENTATIVO DE CONTROVÉRSIA. DESAPOSENTAÇÃO E REAPOSENTAÇÃO. RENÚNCIA A APOSENTADORIA. CONCESSÃO DE NOVO E POSTERIOR JUBILAMENTO. DEVOLUÇÃO DE VALORES. DESNECESSIDADE.
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Trata-se de Recursos Especiais com intuito, por parte do INSS, de declarar impossibili-dade de renúncia a aposentadoria e, por parte do segurado, de dispensa de...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Direito Constitucional Previdenciário do Servidor Público
- Apresentação
- Introdução
- A Previdência como Norma Materialmente Constitucional
- A Previdência e as Gerações de Direitos
- Conceito e Organização da Previdência Social Brasileira
- Síntese Histórica
- Princípios Constitucionais da Previdência do Servidor Público
- Os Filiados ao Regime Próprio
- Os Benefícios Previdenciários
- A Aposentadoria
- Os Proventos
- As Contribuições Previdenciárias
- Previdência dos Militares
- Previdência Complementar
- Desaposentação
- Considerações Finais
- Referências Bibliográficas
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