Advertência
Autor | Cesare Beccaria |
Páginas | 5-6 |
Page 5
A apresentação deste livro1, que revolucionou o Direito Penal de sua época com os ensinamentos humanitários e precursores nele maravilhosamente condensados, é sempre oportuna e o será sempre enquanto não ocorrer a prevenção do delito e a exata adaptação da pena correspondente. Ao tempo de Beccaria, em sua juventude, não se cogitava em prevenir a criminalidade por meio de uma educação adequada e de recursos capazes de melhorar social-mente a situação do infrator. Compreendeu ele que os processos de que se valiam o legislador e o juiz não contribuíam para a solução desse gravíssimo problema, contribuindo, ao contrário, para seu agravamento, em virtude das inúmeras injustiças que se praticavam em nome da lei ou da vontade do príncipe e da barbaridade usada na aplicação de penas iníquas, desmoralizadoras e torturantes, as quais, desgraçadamente, eram inflingidas antes da condenação, a pretexto de se esclarecer o crime e sua autoria.
As sábias considerações expostas por Cesare Beccaria em seu pequeno volume exerceram tamanha influência nos espíritos esclarecidos de seus mais ilustres contemporâneos que mereceram quase que
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imediata acolhida em muitos países, como na França, na Alemanha, na Áustria e na própria Itália, que ainda era uma nação dividida. Reformaram-se os códigos penais e os respectivos processos, aboliu-se a pena de morte para os delitos comuns, suprimiram-se os meios cruéis destinados à obtenção da verdade. Essas conquistas bastam, só por si, para engrandecer a obra de Beccaria e de sua decisiva contribuição para que se chegue a um direito mais humano e compreensivo.
Se, para o direito romano “poena est noxae vindicta” (ULP. 1.131 princ., Dig. de verb. signific. 50,
16), e o foi durante vários séculos...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Dos delitos e das penas
- Advertência
- Dos Delitos e das Penas
- O Autor a Quem Ler
- Introdução
- Origem das Penas. Direito de Punir
- Consequências
- Da Interpretação das Leis
- Obscuridade das Leis
- Da Prisão
- Indícios e Formas de Juízos
- Das Testemunhas
- Acusações Secretas
- Perguntas Capciosas. Depoimentos
- Dos Juramentos
- Da Tortura
- Processos e Prescrição
- Tentativas, Cúmplices, Impunidade
- Da Suavidade das Penas
- A Pena de Morte
- Do Banimento e das Confiscações
- Da Desonra
- Da Publicidade e Presteza das Penas
- Da Certeza e Infalibilidade das Penas. Indulto
- Dos Asilos
- Do Uso de pôr a Cabeça a Prêmio
- Da Proporção entre os Crimes e as Penas
- Medida dos Crimes
- Divisão dos Crimes
- Crimes de Lesa-Majestade
- Crimes contra a Segurança do Particular, Violências
- Injúrias
- Os Duelos
- Furtos
- Contrabandos
- Dos Devedores
- A Tranquilidade Pública
- Da Ociosidade
- O Suicídio e os Emigrantes
- Crimes de Prova Difícil
- De uma Espécie Particular de Crimes
- Falsas Ideias de Utilidade
- O Espírito de Família
- O Fisco
- Dos Meios de Prevenir Crimes
- Conclusão
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