Da Prisão
Autor | Cesare Beccaria |
Páginas | 43-45 |
Page 43
Erro não menos comum e contrário ao fim social, que é a convicção da própria segurança, consiste em deixar ao arbítrio do magistrado, executor das leis, sob pretextos frívolos, ou deixar um amigo sem castigo, apesar dos mais fortes indícios de criminalidade. É a prisão uma pena que necessariamente deve preceder a declaração do crime, ao contrário de qualquer outra; porém, este caráter distintivo não a priva de outro também essencial, isto é, o que somente a lei determina os casos em que um homem é merecedor de pena. A lei, pois, assinalará os indícios de um crime que justifiquem a custódia de um réu, e o submetam a investigações e à pena. A fama pública, a fuga, a confissão extrajudicial, a de um comparsa de crime, as ameaças e a constante inimizade com o ofendido, o corpo do delito e outros indícios semelhantes são provas suficientes para se efetuar a prisão de um cidadão. Contudo, estas provas devem ser estabelecidas em lei e não
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por juízes, cujas decisões se mostram sempre contrárias à liberdade política, quando não se limitam a ser proposições particulares derivadas de uma máxima geral inserta no código público. À medida que as penas vão sendo moderadas, que se eliminem a miséria e a fome dos cárceres, penetrem a compaixão e humanidade além das grades, inspirando os inexoráveis e endurecidos ministros da justiça, poderão as leis contentar-se com indícios sempre mais leves para efetuar a prisão.
Um homem acusado de crime, encarcerado ou absolvido, não deveria ter nenhuma nota infamante. Quantos romanos, acusados de gravíssimos delitos e logo declarados inocentes, foram reverenciados pelo povo e honrados com a magistratura! Por que motivo difere tanto, em nosso tempo, o triunfo de um...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Dos delitos e das penas
- Advertência
- Dos Delitos e das Penas
- O Autor a Quem Ler
- Introdução
- Origem das Penas. Direito de Punir
- Consequências
- Da Interpretação das Leis
- Obscuridade das Leis
- Da Prisão
- Indícios e Formas de Juízos
- Das Testemunhas
- Acusações Secretas
- Perguntas Capciosas. Depoimentos
- Dos Juramentos
- Da Tortura
- Processos e Prescrição
- Tentativas, Cúmplices, Impunidade
- Da Suavidade das Penas
- A Pena de Morte
- Do Banimento e das Confiscações
- Da Desonra
- Da Publicidade e Presteza das Penas
- Da Certeza e Infalibilidade das Penas. Indulto
- Dos Asilos
- Do Uso de pôr a Cabeça a Prêmio
- Da Proporção entre os Crimes e as Penas
- Medida dos Crimes
- Divisão dos Crimes
- Crimes de Lesa-Majestade
- Crimes contra a Segurança do Particular, Violências
- Injúrias
- Os Duelos
- Furtos
- Contrabandos
- Dos Devedores
- A Tranquilidade Pública
- Da Ociosidade
- O Suicídio e os Emigrantes
- Crimes de Prova Difícil
- De uma Espécie Particular de Crimes
- Falsas Ideias de Utilidade
- O Espírito de Família
- O Fisco
- Dos Meios de Prevenir Crimes
- Conclusão
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