Dos Juramentos
Autor | Cesare Beccaria |
Páginas | 61-62 |
Page 61
Nasce uma contradição, entre as leis e os sentimentos naturais humanos, dos juramentos que se exigem do réu para que seja um homem verdadeiro quando tem o máximo interesse em ser mendaz; como se o homem pudesse jurar sinceramente que concorrerá para a própria destruição; como se a religião não calasse na maior parte dos homens quando fala o interesse. A experiência de todos os séculos fez ver que, mais do que outra coisa, eles têm abusado desse precioso bem do céu. E por que motivo haveriam os criminosos de respeitá-la, se a têm violado frequentemente os homens considerados mais sábios? Muito fracos, por muito afastados dos sentidos, são para a maioria os motivos que a religião contrapõe ao impulso do medo e ao amor da vida. Os assuntos do céu regem-se por leis certamente diversas das que regulam os assuntos humano: por que comprometer, pois, uns com os outros? Por que colocar o homem na terrível contradição de faltar a
Page 62
Deus, ou concorrer para a própria ruína? De modo que a lei que ordena esse juramento obriga a ser mau cristão, ou mártir. Pouco a pouco o juramento...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Dos delitos e das penas
- Advertência
- Dos Delitos e das Penas
- O Autor a Quem Ler
- Introdução
- Origem das Penas. Direito de Punir
- Consequências
- Da Interpretação das Leis
- Obscuridade das Leis
- Da Prisão
- Indícios e Formas de Juízos
- Das Testemunhas
- Acusações Secretas
- Perguntas Capciosas. Depoimentos
- Dos Juramentos
- Da Tortura
- Processos e Prescrição
- Tentativas, Cúmplices, Impunidade
- Da Suavidade das Penas
- A Pena de Morte
- Do Banimento e das Confiscações
- Da Desonra
- Da Publicidade e Presteza das Penas
- Da Certeza e Infalibilidade das Penas. Indulto
- Dos Asilos
- Do Uso de pôr a Cabeça a Prêmio
- Da Proporção entre os Crimes e as Penas
- Medida dos Crimes
- Divisão dos Crimes
- Crimes de Lesa-Majestade
- Crimes contra a Segurança do Particular, Violências
- Injúrias
- Os Duelos
- Furtos
- Contrabandos
- Dos Devedores
- A Tranquilidade Pública
- Da Ociosidade
- O Suicídio e os Emigrantes
- Crimes de Prova Difícil
- De uma Espécie Particular de Crimes
- Falsas Ideias de Utilidade
- O Espírito de Família
- O Fisco
- Dos Meios de Prevenir Crimes
- Conclusão
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