A convenção da OIT sobre as domésticas
Autor | José Pastore |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor da FEA-USP, membro da Academia Paulista de Letras e Presidente do Conselho de Emprego e Relações do Trabalho da Fecomércio de São Paulo |
Quais serão as consequências da Convenção 189 recém aprovada pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) referente aos empregados domésticos?
Uma boa parte dos direitos propostos por aquele tratado internacional já existe na legislação brasileira: salário mínimo, previdência social, férias, aviso prévio, acesso à Justiça do Trabalho, proibição de discriminação e de trabalho forçado e infantil, entre outros.
O que não existe é a fixação da jornada de trabalho. Para o Brasil poder ratificar essa convenção, será preciso mudar a Constituição federal. Isso ocorrendo, os empregadores terão de fixar uma jornada de 8 horas diárias e 44 semanais e pagar um adicional de 50% e de 20% para as horas extras e o trabalho noturno das suas empregadas.
Nessa mudança, os parlamentares são livres para incluir direitos constitucionais não previstos na Convenção, como o FGTS, adicionais por riscos,seguro acidente e outros –o que encarecerá a remuneração de profissionais que já estão difíceis de serem contratados.
Vejamos alguns detalhes. Segundo a Convenção, empregados que moram no domicílio terão direito a”condições de vida decente”(artigo 6).
A Recomendação 201 que acompanha a Convenção 189 especifica que condições de vida decente exigem aposentos privados, adequadamente mobiliados e ventilados, com iluminação adequada e,quando necessário, com calefação e ar-condicionado( sic).A alimentação deve ser de boa qualidade e em quantidade suficiente (sic) (artigo 17).
Para assegurar o cumprimento dessas condições, a Convenção e a Recomendação estabelecem que os países signatários devem providenciar um sistema que permita aos fiscais do governo entrarem nos recintos onde o trabalho é realizado, respeitada a privacidade do domicílio (artigo 19).
Embora esses direitos sejam justificáveis, os desafios para a sua implementação são imensos. No Brasil, os empregados domésticos vêm lutando para fazer cumprir os direitos da legislação atual. Sim, porque uma coisa é a lei, outra é o seu cumprimento. Apesar do aumento da formalização nos últimos anos,mais de 70%dos domésticos brasileiros trabalham fora da lei – na informalidade e sem...
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