Democratização do judiciário e accountability: pontos para a democracia brasileira
Autor | Hugo Cavalcanti Melo Filho |
Páginas | 211-215 |
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Por todos os argumentos expendidos neste trabalho, a democratização da administração dos Tribunais e do governo da magistratura produziria paulatina eliminação das instituições informais.
O reconhecimento de participação de toda a magistratura no processo de escolha dos dirigentes dos tribunais e dos órgãos de controle, bem como a participação de todos os juízes, por seus representantes, na elaboração das normas internas e nas sessões administrativas dos tribunais, e mesmo nas sessões dos Conselho, com direito a assento e voz, reduziria substancialmente a distância hoje existente na apropriação de capital político. Haveria maior equilíbrio no subcampo de poder no qual age a magistratura, com a inclusão mais igualitária de todos os seus membros.
Eliminar-se-ia, portanto, a dicotomia sobreincluídos-subincluídos e, com ela, o processo alopoiético que faz surgir as instituições informais, quase sempre do tipo concorrente, no âmbito do Poder Judiciário.
O entrecruzamento horizontal entre os fenômenos do déficit de demo-cracia nos tribunais e do surgimento de instituições informais, que existe hoje, desapareceria. A democratização interna dos tribunais estancaria, naturalmente, o processo de alimentação recíproca ou circulação (déficit democrático => informalidade => déficit democrático).
Como corolário da eliminação da dicotomia sobreincluídos-subincluídos no âmbito dos tribunais, seria ampliada a independência judicial interna, isto é, a liberdade de o juiz exercer a jurisdição somente se subordinando às leis constitucionalmente válidas e à sua própria consciência, sem submissão às
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pressões que têm origem dentro da própria estrutura do Judiciário (independência funcional). Só é funcionalmente independente o juiz que, no exercício da atividade jurisdicional, não se sujeita aos órgãos de administração das Cortes, às estruturas de governo da magistratura.
Naturalmente, a plena independência judicial não significa irresponsabilidade do magistrado. De reverso, também está na essência da democracia a possibilidade de responsabilização dos agentes públicos quanto à gestão do Estado, à produção e à aplicação da lei. Como bem observa Prillaman (2000:16), “um Judiciário são requer um equilíbrio entre independência e responsabili-dade (accountability)”273.
Estruturas democráticas têm por escopo a ampliação da responsabilização dos governantes (accountability). Os dirigentes têm o dever de prestar contas aos dirigidos, que os elegeram. A qualidade democrática se amplia na mesma medida em que aumenta a responsabilidade do dirigente em relação aos dirigidos.
A ideia de accountability vincula-se ao exercício do poder mediante a utilização de recursos públicos, que impõe aos administradores a justificação dos seus atos. O conceito de accountability está intimamente...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Judiciário Oligárquico
- Agradecimentos
- Prefácio
- Introdução
- O poder judiciário
- Administração dos tribunais e controle da magistratura
- Um paradigma: o ministério público nacional
- Déficit democrátio na administração dos tribunais
- Cultura política e democracia
- Da administração oligárquica à informalidade institucional: uma análise à luz da teoria dos sistemas
- Instituições informais
- Instituições informais no poder judiciário
- Rumo à democratização do poder judiciário
- Democratização do judiciário e accountability: pontos para a democracia brasileira
- Conclusão
- Referências
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