Conclusão
Autor | Eduardo Pragmácio Filho |
Páginas | 141-144 |
Page 141
A empresa, como um fenômeno econômico, é pouco estudada no direito do trabalho brasileiro, apesar de ser de suma importância sua melhor, mais atual e dialogada compreensão, até porque a CLT a considera como empregador.
A única noção que a doutrina e a jurisprudência têm da empresa é completamente ultrapassada, caricatural, rudimentar. Trata-se da noção neoclássica, da mera reunião de fatores de produção. Os juslaboralistas e o TST jamais se preocuparam, efetivamente, em definir economicamente a empresa. Ela deve ser o centro da análise trabalhista, pois é nela em que estão os empregos, é dela que os trabalhadores retiram sua remuneração, e por meio delas que se gera desenvolvimento econômico e social.
As várias teorias econômicas e o diálogo com a análise econômica do direito (Law and Economics), abordados nesta tese, ajudam a construir um novo conceito de empresa, mais compatível com a realidade, com o Estado Democrático de Direito e plenamente cabível na CLT.
O foco (ou, parafraseando, o core business) do direito do trabalho deve ser também a empresa empregadora e não somente o empregado.
A teoria dos custos de transação de Ronald Coase dá um primeiro passo para se (re)definir uma empresa, ao trazer a noção de custo de transação, até então olvidada. Ou uma transação é feita no mercado, regida pelo mecanismo de preços (livre negociação), ou ela é feita na empresa, sob autoridade (poder) do empresário, dependendo tudo isso do custo da transação. Para reduzir esses custos (e incertezas) de transação no mercado (busca e informação, negociação e decisão, monitoramento e cumprimento dos contratos), a empresa surge exatamente para suprimi-los, dando autoridade e poder a uma das partes sobre os termos do negócio, para organizá-lo. Uma transação no mercado é regulada pelas leis da oferta e da procura e, em princípio, não há autoridade de um contratante em relação ao outro, diferentemente da transação na empresa, feita sob autoridade.
Essa noção dos custos de transação é importante para compreendermos alguns formatos de negócios como as franquias e as cadeias de abastecimento,
Page 142
pois é possível que uma transação esteja aparentemente sendo realizada no mercado, mas, de fato, ela está sendo realizada sob um poder, na mesma empresa.
Já a teoria do nexo de contratos traz a noção da “teia contratual”, do nexo entre os vários stakeholders. A empresa é uma mesma e contínua sequência de relações contratuais (continuum), em que os vários...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Teoria da empresa para o direito do trabalho brasileiro
- Dedicatoria
- Agradecimentos
- Nota do Autor
- Lista de Siglas e Abreviaturas
- Cita
- Apresentação
- Prefácio
- Introdução
- Questões Epistemológicas: o Sentido de Estudar a Empresa para o Direito do Trabalho Brasileiro
- As Várias Teorias e (In)definições de Empresa
- Empresa, o Trabalho e o Direito que o Regula
- A Responsabilidade da Empresa Empregadora no Direito do Trabalho Brasileiro
- Conclusão
- Referências Bibliográficas
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