Introdução
Autor | Eduardo Pragmácio Filho |
Páginas | 23-25 |
Page 23
A doutrina trabalhista pátria pouco (ou quase nada) investiga a empresa, apenas reproduz, há 80 anos, o senso comum desse complexo e mutante fenômeno econômico, como sendo “a união de capital e trabalho, de forma organizada e profissional, para o exercício de atividade empresária”, confundindo e olvidando vários conceitos importantes, sobretudo os produzidos pela economia e pelo direito comercial. É inconcebível que o direito do trabalho brasileiro desconheça noções tão importantes advindas da economia, iniciadas com o trabalho seminal e paradigmático do Nobel Ronald Coase em 1937.
É impossível dissociar a vida de qualquer pessoa de uma empresa, pois é nas empresas que muitos trabalham e de onde retiram seu sustento, seja como empregados, seja como prestadores de serviços ou como o próprio empreendedor e empresário. Os bens diários, de necessidades básicas, como água potável, energia elétrica, vestuário, alimentação, tudo isso é fornecido por empresas.
É dos tributos pagos por empresas que o Estado obtém parte de sua arrecadação para garantir a segurança e a ordem, e prover outras atividades essenciais, como saúde, educação etc. (TEIXEIRA, 2010, p. 18).
O conceito de empregador contido na CLT refere-se à empresa, como sendo aquela que, assumindo os riscos do negócio, admite, assalaria e dirige a prestação pessoal de serviços.
Mas, afinal, o que é uma empresa?
Trata-se de um “fenômeno enigmático para o direito”, como disse o professor Antoine Lyon-Caen, no verão de 2015 em Veneza, por ocasião de sua palestra em seminário realizado na Universidade Ca´Foscari. É enigmático porque não é o centro de estudo das ciências jurídicas, tampouco o é na economia e na sociologia, ou, como ironicamente disse William Bratton (1989, p. 407), empresas são “um pacote de fenômenos indisciplinados”.
Como se disse, a doutrina trabalhista pátria pouco investiga a empresa, apenas reproduz o “senso comum” desse complexo e mutante fenômeno econômico. Da mesma forma, o TST até hoje não se preocupou com um
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conceito de empresa, sempre a tratando de forma periférica, como um apêndice, enquanto ela é, e deve mesmo ser, o núcleo de atenção do direito do trabalho.
O tema é relevante e atual, pois, em virtude de a legislação brasileira ter adotado o fenômeno econômico empresa como empregador, não há exatamente um “limite” para definir “quem” pode responder por ela. Enquanto em boa parte da Europa se pretende atualmente expandir a responsabilidade do...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Teoria da empresa para o direito do trabalho brasileiro
- Dedicatoria
- Agradecimentos
- Nota do Autor
- Lista de Siglas e Abreviaturas
- Cita
- Apresentação
- Prefácio
- Introdução
- Questões Epistemológicas: o Sentido de Estudar a Empresa para o Direito do Trabalho Brasileiro
- As Várias Teorias e (In)definições de Empresa
- Empresa, o Trabalho e o Direito que o Regula
- A Responsabilidade da Empresa Empregadora no Direito do Trabalho Brasileiro
- Conclusão
- Referências Bibliográficas
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