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- Livros E Revistas
- Direito Constitucional do Trabalho
- Direitos Sociais Na Constituição Federal de 1988.47
FGTS
Autor | James Magno Araújo Farias |
Ocupação do Autor | Desembargador do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 16ª Região/MA; Presidente (2016/2017); Corregedor Regional (2014/2015) |
Páginas | 80-83 |
Page 80
O FGTS surgiu através da Lei n. 5.107/66, como uma alternativa ao sistema de estabilidade do vínculo empregatício criado pela CLT. O FGTS está regulado hoje pela Lei n. 8.036/90.
Segundo Luís Roberto Barroso, o FGTS pretendia ser um "mecanismo de estabilidade econômica do trabalhador". 144
Page 81
Historicamente, a função do FGTS, além da captação de recursos para investimento em habitação e saneamento, seria também de coibir a burla ao regime da estabilidade, quando, às vésperas de adquirir estabilidade decenal, o trabalhador era dispensado mediante uma justa causa artificialmente provocada. Eis um ponto muito importante para ser debatido: a fraude impeditiva da estabilidade decenal, que acabou sendo um dos motivos para determinar a substituição da estabilidade pelo sistema fundiário. Muitos trabalhadores eram despedidos um pouco antes de completarem dez anos de serviço na empresa, tendo a jurisprudência passado a condenar os empregadores a indenizá-los pela despedida obstativa. A solução encontrada foi a generalização do FGTS e o fim da estabilidade decenal pela Constituição Federal de 1988.145
Inobstante, nada impede que possam coexistir o sistema fundiário com a estabilidade, no mesmo contrato de trabalho. Ao contrário, deseja-se que isso ocorra; seria o ideal para a segurança das relações contratuais trabalhistas no Brasil. Por exemplo, um empregado optante pelo FGTS poderá ao mesmo tempo estar amparado pela estabilidade contratual ou provisória, bastando ser sindicalista, cipeiro ou gestante, v.g. Esta tese mais avançada de estabilidade cumulada com FGTS não tem sido acolhida pelo pensamento doutrinário brasileiro, quando entende que um empregado contratado pelo Estatuto Consolidado e optante pelo Fundo não pode mais ter estabilidade, que prevalece apenas para os estáveis provisórios ou para os servidores públicos "estatutários".
Porém, tais contratos de trabalho celetistas são antitéticos hoje apenas para os chamados servidores públicos "estatutários", por conta de seu regime jurídico, que caracteriza os direitos como distintos. Como exemplos têm-se o Fundo de Garantia e o instituto da Estabilidade, um para cada sistema; aqui os dois não se misturam, nem se confundem, mas a regra geral é a de que abandonando o do FGTS/CLT, em razão da conversão de regime, persistirá o da Estabilidade. Ou vice-versa.
Essa regra vigora apenas para os servidores públicos; porém, como esquecer que esta nova possibilidade estará agora aberta...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Direito Constitucional do Trabalho
- Direitos sociais na Constituição Federal de 1988.47
- Estabilidade e garantia no emprego
- Seguro-desemprego
- FGTS
- Salário mínimo, piso salarial e irredutibilidade salarial
- Décimo terceiro salario (13º) ? Gratificação natalina
- Trabalho noturno
- Salário-família
- Jornada de trabalho
- Férias
- Aviso-prévio
- Normas de proteção à saúde do trabalhador
- Meio ambiente do trabalho
- Normas protetivas e inclusivas
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