- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Curso Moderno de Direito Civil
- Curso Moderno de Direito Civil. Direito Das Obrigações
- Teoria Geral Das Obrigações
- 3ª Parte. Do Adimplemento E Da Extinção Das Obrigações
Da confusão
Autor | Bassil Dower, Nelson Godoy |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor Universitário e Advogado em São Paulo |
Páginas | 298-301 |
Page 298
Sendo as obrigações relações jurídicas, necessário será que haja dois sujeitos, um ativo, credor, e outro passivo, devedor. É o que se dá, por exemplo, quando o filho deve certa quantia em dinheiro ao seu pai; o filho é o devedor que assumiu o dever de dar, de entregar certa quantia em favor do pai, que é o credor. Porém, falecendo o pai, a herança se transmite, ipso facto, ao filho e com isso as qualidades de credor e devedor se confundem na pessoa do filho. Se a obrigação passa a ter somente uma pessoa como credora e como devedora, ela deixa de existir, extinguindo-se a obrigação, porque ninguém pode ser credor ou devedor de si próprio. Confundem-se na mesma pessoa as qualidades de devedor e credor, ocasionando a extinção da obrigação.
Page 299
Quando as qualidades de credor e devedor se confundem na mesma pessoa, opera-se a confusão. Fundem-se na mesma pessoa as qualidades de devedor e credor, ocasionando a extinção da obrigação. "Extingue-se a obrigação - diz o art. 381 do CC - desde que na mesma pessoa se confundam as qualidades de credor e devedor". Washington de Barros Monteiro focaliza bem a situação: "Como ninguém pode ser juridicamente obrigado para consigo mesmo, ninguém pode demandar contra si mesmo".234
Confusão vem do latim confusio, de confundere, significando reunião, mistura, fusão, junção. Confusão, dita o Prof. Sílvio Rodrigues, "é a reunião, em uma única pessoa e na mesma relação jurídica, da qualidade de credor e devedor". A rigor, a relação jurídica não deveria se extinguir, mas tão-só neutralizar-se, pois a obrigação não foi cumprida, nem se resolveu. Ela apenas deixou de ser exigida, na prática, porque o credor não há de reclamá-la de si mesmo".235
A sucessão causa mortis não é a única causa da confusão, pois esta pode dar-se também em razão de uma sucessão a título singular, por ato inter-vivos. Se "A", por exemplo, é credor de "B" e, posteriormente, "A" se casa com "B", surgirá a confusão das duas qualidades de credor e devedor. O casal passa a ser credor e devedor um do outro e assim, a obrigação deixa de existir. Veja, ainda, o exemplo fornecido pelo saudoso Prof. Antônio Levenhagen: "Antônio é credor da firma Borges & Filho e antes que...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Teoria geral das obrigações
- 3ª Parte. Do adimplemento e da extinção das obrigações
- Do adimplemento e da extinção das obrigações
- Do pagamento
- Objeto do pagamento e sua prova
- Do lugar do pagamento
- Do tempo do pagamento
- Do pagamento em consignação
- Do pagamento com sub-rogação
- Da imputação de pagamento
- Da dação em pagamento
- Da novação
- Da compensação
- Da confusão
- Da remissão das dívidas
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