- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Insalubridade E Periculosidade. Aspectos Técnicos E Práticos
- Caracterização de Insalubridade
Caracterização de insalubridade
Autor | Tuffi Messias Saliba - Márcia Angelim Chaves Corrêa |
Ocupação do Autor | Engenheiro Mecânico. Engenheiro de Segurança do Trabalho. Advogado - Engenheira Química |
Páginas | 39-40 |
Page 39
A NR-15 da Portaria n. 3.214/1978 do MTE regulamenta os critérios técnicos para caracterização das atividades ou operações insalubres. Segundo essa norma, são consideradas atividades ou operações insalubres aquelas que:
· desenvolvem-se acima dos limites de tolerância dos anexos 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 11 e 12 (critério quantitativo);
· são mencionadas nos anexos 6, 13 e 14;
· são comprovadas por meio de laudo de inspeção nos locais de trabalho, constantes dos anexos 7, 9 e 10 (critério qualitativo).
A NR-15, subitem 15.1.5, dispõe que se entende por limite de tolerância a concentração ou intensidade máxima ou mínima, relacionada com a natureza e o tempo de exposição ao agente, a qual não causará dano à saúde do trabalhador, durante sua vida laboral.
O subitem 15.4.1 estabelece que a eliminação ou a neutralização da insalubridade deverá ocorrer:
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com a adoção de medidas de ordem geral que conservem o ambiente de trabalho dentro dos limites de tolerância;
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com a utilização de equipamento de proteção individual.
Nesse dispositivo, a regulamentação determina que a neutralização da insalubridade ocorrerá com o uso do EPI, sem mencionar a regra de que esse equipamento seja capaz de reduzir a intensidade ou a concentração abaixo do limite, como ocorre no art. 191, II, da CLT, vez que a NR-15, subitem 15.1, estabelece a insalubridade também pelo método qualitativo, ou seja, sem limite de tolerância fixado. Nesse caso, a neutralização ocorre somente pela simples utilização do EPI, pois na avaliação qualitativa não há limite de tolerância fixado. Todavia, é importante em tal situação ser esse equipamento aprovado pelo MTE para finalidade da proteção exigida. Assim, por exemplo, no manuseio de óleo mineral, a insalubridade será neutralizada pelo uso de
Page 40
luvas ou creme aprovados pelo órgão competente do MTE para esse fim. No mesmo sentido, o TST pacificou o entendimento por meio da Súmula n. 8018.
É importante salientar que a ausência de limite de tolerância na NR-15 não significa que qualquer exposição ao agente é insalubre, conforme será abordado posteriormente nos comentários dos anexos da referida norma. Com relação às atividades mencionadas nos anexos 6, 13 e 14 da NR-15, conforme comentado anteriormente, nos anexos 6 e 14, que tratam de pressões hiperbáricas e agentes biológicos, a insalubridade é inerente à atividade, pois não há equipamento de proteção individual, totalmente eficaz, para neutralização do risco. Quanto ao anexo...
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