Elemento objetivo
Autor | Octahydes Ballan Junior |
Ocupação do Autor | Promotor de Justiça no Estado do Tocantins. Coordenador do Centro de Apoio Operacional Criminal (2012/2014). Bacharel em Direito pela Faculdade de Direito de Franca |
Páginas | 182-184 |
Page 182
O elemento objetivo é o verbo-núcleo do tipo, qual seja, constranger, que é a conduta de coagir, obrigar, subjugar, forçar a fazer, tolerar ou deixar de fazer algo.
Page 183
A conduta visa à obtenção de vantagem econômica inde-vida, podendo, como se disse, recair sobre coisa móvel ou não.
Cleber Masson bem aborda a questão ao diferenciar a extorsão do roubo:
Nota-se, em uma análise preliminar, que no roubo o núcleo do tipo é "subtrair", ao passo que na extorsão a ação nuclear é "constranger". E daí desponta uma relevante consequência: se o bem for subtraído, o crime será de roubo, mas, se a própria vítima o entregar ao agente, o delito poderá ser de roubo ou de extorsão. Estará caracterizado o crime de extorsão quando, para a obtenção da indevida vantagem econômica pelo agente, for imprescindível a colaboração da vítima. No roubo, por seu turno, a atuação é dispensável.
Na extorsão, a vítima possui opção entre entregar ou não o bem, de modo que sua colaboração é fundamental para o agente alcançar a indevida vantagem econômica.
Note-se que na extorsão a vantagem almejada pode ser contemporânea ao constrangimento (exemplo: a vítima é abordada por um criminoso armado no terminal de atendimento de uma agência bancária, mas, se não fornecer sua senha, o agente jamais conseguirá sacar o numerário depositado em sua conta corrente) ou posterior a ele (exemplo: em um "falso sequestro", um presidiário telefona para um pai de família e determina o depósito, no dia seguinte, de determinada quantia em uma conta bancária, sob a ameaça de matar seu filho, que estaria em cativeiro. Nesse caso, a vítima também tem a opção entre realizar ou não o comportamento exigido pelo extorsionário).
Todavia, se houve a entrega do bem, mas isto não era indispensável, pois a vítima não tinha nenhuma opção, pois, se não o entregasse, o sujeito poderia de imediato tomá-lo à força, o crime será de roubo. No exemplo antes referido, pode o ladrão, se o desejar, retirar a carteira da vítima, em vez de aguardar sua entrega. Além disso, o criminoso poderia até mesmo imobilizar ou matar a vítima, a qual nada poderia então fazer para impedir a tradição do bem. Há, finalmente, um sensível e indiscutível diferença entre roubo e extorsão. Nesta, a lei não a restringiu às coisas móveis, ao contrário do que fez naquele. Em verdade, a expressão...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Furto, Roubo e Extorsão
- Extorsão
- Art. 158 do Código Penal
- Objeto jurídico
- Objeto material
- Elemento normativo
- Elemento objetivo
- Elemento subjetivo
- Sujeito ativo
- Sujeito passivo
- Consumação e tentativa
- Extorsão circunstanciada (§ 1o)
- Extorsão qualificada - resultado lesão corporal grave ou morte (§ 2o)
- Extorsão qualificada - sequestro-relâmpago (§ 3o)
- Ação penal
- Questões diversas
- Distinções
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