Introdução. Direito das Sucessões. Ações de Herança. Considerações
Autor | Fernando Antonio da Silva Cartaxo |
Páginas | 15-19 |
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Direito das sucessões é o complexo de normas e princípios que rege a transmissão do patrimônio de alguém que falece a seus sucessores.
Tal complexo de normas e princípios está contido no Livro V, do Código Civil de 2002, estruturado em títulos: I - Da Sucessão em Geral (arts. 1.784 a 1.828); II - Da Sucessão Legítima (arts. 1.829 a 1.856); III - Da Sucessão Testamentária (arts. 1.857 a 1.990); IV - Do Inventário e Partilha (arts. 1.991 a 2.027), e tem por fundamento o inciso XXX, do art. 5º, da Constituição Federal.
Entende-se por patrimônio do falecido - a herança - o acervo de bens, direitos e obrigações deixado no momento da morte.
Aberta a sucessão no momento da morte de alguém, a herança transmite-se, automaticamente, aos herdeiros legítimos e testamentários (art. 1.784, CC), em decorrência do princípio da saisine, formando-se um condomínio forçado que virá a ser dissolvido pela sentença que homologa ou decide a partilha. Nada impede, entretanto, que na partilha optem os herdeiros em manter os bens da herança em condomínio que, no caso, será de natureza voluntária.
Cabe ressaltar que desde o momento em que ocorre o falecimento do de cujus, o herdeiro, legítimo ou testamentário, adquire o domínio e a posse da herança, independentemente de qualquer ato seu, salvo a aceitação. No tocante ao legatário, porém, diversifica a situação: a) quanto ao domínio, ele o adquire com a abertura da sucessão, se se trata de coisa infungível; b) a aquisição só se opera com a partilha, se fungível a coisa legada. Referentemente à posse, apenas com a partilha nela se investe o legatário, exceto se anteriormente obteve a entrega dos bens legados. (W. B. Monteiro, Curso de Direito Civil, Direito das Sucessões, Saraiva, 19a ed., p. 176).
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Por força do disposto no art. 80, II, CC, considera-se imóvel para os efeitos legais o direito à sucessão aberta, ainda que o acervo seja constituído, apenas, por bens móveis.
São aptos a recolher a herança: a) os herdeiros legítimos, segundo a ordem de vocação hereditária. São herdeiros legítimos necessários os descendentes, os ascendentes e o cônjuge, cabendo-lhes a metade dos bens da herança - a legítima; b) os herdeiros instituídos em cédula testamentária; c) os legatários beneficiados em cédula testamentária com coisa certa, determinada e precisa.
A herança executa-se pelo inventário e partilha.
O inventário é processualmente um procedimento especial. Conquanto esteja regulado entre os processos de...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Teoria e Prática das Ações de Herança
- Dedicatoria
- Prefácio
- Introdução. Direito das Sucessões. Ações de Herança. Considerações
- Da Ação de Petição de Herança
- Da Ação de Sonegados
- Da Ação de Exclusão de Herdeiro por Indignidade
- Da Ação de Deserdação
- Da Ação de Anulação de Venda de Ascendente a Descendente
- Da Ação de Nulidade de Doação Inofi ciosa
- Da Ação de Redução de Disposição Testamentária Inofi ciosa
- Da Ação de Petição de Legado
- Da Ação de Nulidade de Testamento Público
- Da Ação de Anulação de Partilha
- Lei no 10.406, 10/01/2002 - DOU de 11/01/2002 - Código Civil (Arts. 1.784 a 2.027)
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