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- Casamento E Divórcio Na Perspectiva Civil Constitucional
- Família E Casamento
Natureza jurídica do casamento
Autor | Paulo Hermano Soares Ribeiro - Edson Pires da Fonseca |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor de Direito Civil das Faculdades Pitágoras de Montes Claros, MG e da FADISA - MG. Tabelião de Notas. Advogado licenciado. - Professor de Direito Constitucional e Teoria do Direito na FADISA e na FAVAG - MG |
Páginas | 44-47 |
Page 44
A natureza jurídica do casamento não é tema pacífico na doutrina, variando em conteúdo dependendo da perspectiva utilizada em seu enquadramento. Apesar de o debate ser de reduzida importância prática atualmente, existem três (3) grandes teorias que buscam justificar sua existência: as teorias contratualista, institucionalista e eclética.
A Teoria Contratualista ou ‘individualista’ compreende e circunscreve o casamento dentro de uma relação contratual, no que se aproxima de outros negócios jurídicos bilaterais, ganhando conteúdo pelo simples acordo de vontades.
Page 45
Caio Mário da Silva Pereira sustenta a natureza contratualista do casamento, argumentando que,
O que no matrimônio deve ser primordialmente considerado é o paralelismo com os contratos em geral, que nascem de um acordo de vontade, e realizam os objetivos que cada um tem em vista, segundo a motivação inspiradora dos declarantes e os efeitos assegurados pela ordem jurídica. A natureza contratual não é contrariada pela exigência legal de forma especial e solene da manifestação volitiva, que obedece à padronização prefixada e ao ritual específico da celebração. Não é igualmente negada pela participação direta do Estado no ato constitutivo, pois que o princípio da ordem pública também costuma estar presente em numerosos outros contratos de direito comum. Não é contraditada ainda pelo fato de se admitir acordo liberatório que, no campo contratual, via de regra, concede às mesmas vontades geradoras da avença o poder de resolvê-lo (distrato).7A Teoria Institucionalista compreende o casamento como uma instituição social, à qual aderem os cônjuges, sem qualquer espaço para autorregulação de suas regras ou do conteúdo de direitos e deveres. Essa concepção vislumbra no casamento um ‘estado matrimonial’ que nasce da vontade dos contratantes, mas da "imutável autoridade da lei, recebe sua forma, suas normas e seus efeitos". Uma vez contraído, a vontade das pessoas "se alheia e só a lei impera na regulamentação de suas relações".8Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira, opondo-se com energia à corrente contratualista, lecionava que,
O casamento, atenta à sua natureza íntima, não é um contrato, antes difere dele profundamente, em sua constituição, no seu modo de ser, na duração e alcance de seus efeitos. O casamento abrange a personali-dade humana inteira, cria a família, funda a legitimidade dos filhos, dá nascimento a relações que só se extinguem com a morte, os direitos e obrigações que...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Casamento e Divórcio na Perspectiva Civil Constitucional
- Família e casamento
- Noções conceituais
- Natureza jurídica do casamento
- Pressupostos do casamento
- Características do casamento
- Impedimentos matrimoniais
- Causas suspensivas do casamento
- Da habilitação para o casamento
- Da celebração do casamento
- Casamentos em situações especiais
- Das provas do casamento
- Da invalidade do casamento
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