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- Casamento E Divórcio Na Perspectiva Civil Constitucional
- Família E Casamento
Pressupostos do casamento
Autor | Paulo Hermano Soares Ribeiro - Edson Pires da Fonseca |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor de Direito Civil das Faculdades Pitágoras de Montes Claros, MG e da FADISA - MG. Tabelião de Notas. Advogado licenciado. - Professor de Direito Constitucional e Teoria do Direito na FADISA e na FAVAG - MG |
Páginas | 47-48 |
Page 47
Do alinhamento entre as normas constitucionais e infraconstitucionais que disciplinam o casamento é possível extrair dois pressupostos necessários à sua existência: a celebração e o consentimento.
A celebração é elemento culminante da forma e solenidade extremas que circundam o casamento, componente que o distingue de outras formas de constituição de família, como a união estável.
A natureza constitutiva do casamento civil repousa na vontade manifestada, cuja ausência completa subtrai sua realidade. O casamento efetivamente se realiza com o consentimento anunciado por ambos os cônjuges perante a autoridade celebrante e testemunhas.11Esses dois elementos estruturantes do casamento - pressupostos de existência - podem ser observados na dicção do art. 1.514 do CC/02).
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Muito se fala sobre um terceiro pressuposto - diversidade de sexos - que estaria implícito no art. 226, § 5º da CRFB/88 quando estabelece que "os direitos e deveres referentes à sociedade conjugal são exercidos igualmente pelo homem e pela mulher", e, quando trata da conversão da união estável em casamento, no § 3º, ao determinar que "é reconhecida a união estável entre o homem e a mulher como entidade familiar, devendo a lei facilitar sua conversão em casamento". Daí, apesar de ausência de norma direta, o entendimento majoritário no sentido de que não seria possível o casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo.
Contudo, essa verdade não resiste à exegese de inclusão que se tem realizado em matéria de direito de família. O professor Edson Fachin já alertava existir um equívoco na base da formulação doutrinária e jurisprudencial acerca da diversidade de sexos como pressuposto do casamento. A matéria desborda dessa seara e não pode ser vista à luz da conhecida teoria da inexistência matrimonial, na qual são fortes os preconceitos e a rigidez.12O pressuposto da diversidade de sexos servia apenas para fechar as portas do casamento para casais do mesmo sexo, negando o acesso destes pares afetivos à ampla proteção oferecida pelo instituto. A demolição dessa restrição foi iniciada no nosso sistema por vozes da doutrina, e recentemente, pelo emblemático julgado do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, de onde se extraí do voto do relator Ministro Luiz Felipe Salomão, a seguinte passagem:
Com efeito, se é verdade que o casamento civil é a forma pela qual o Estado melhor protege a família, e sendo múltiplos os "arranjos" familiares reconhecidos pela Carta Magna, não há de ser negada...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Casamento e Divórcio na Perspectiva Civil Constitucional
- Família e casamento
- Noções conceituais
- Natureza jurídica do casamento
- Pressupostos do casamento
- Características do casamento
- Impedimentos matrimoniais
- Causas suspensivas do casamento
- Da habilitação para o casamento
- Da celebração do casamento
- Casamentos em situações especiais
- Das provas do casamento
- Da invalidade do casamento
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