Histórico
Autor | Antonio Buono Neto/Elaine Arbex Buono |
Ocupação do Autor | Médico Especialista em Medicina Legal e Perícia Médica e Medicina do trabalho pela AMB, ex-Presidente da Comissão de Perícias Médicas da ANAMT ex-Presidente da Sociedade Paulista de Medicina do Trabalho, Perito Judicial/Médica Especialista em Medicina Legal e Perícia Médica e Medicina do trabalho pela AMB, ex-Membro da Comissão de Perícias ... |
Páginas | 27-30 |
Page 27
O homem, um animal social, por excelência, ao longo da História, para viver em sociedade, em convívio pacífico e harmonioso com outro homem, precisou criar regras para controlar, prevenir e punir as condutas humanas consideradas agressivas e antissociais. Tem-se como exemplo, uma das primeiras regras sociais o CÓDIGO DE HAMURABI, rei da Babilônia, século XVIII a. C., que segue a lex talionis, ou lei da retaliação, a qual dita as penas impostas a quem causar lesões corporais a outrem, e segundo a classe social do autor do crime e da vítima, além do crime cometido existem penas diferentes. Como exemplo das diferentes penas temos:
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1ª classe é representada pelos homens livres (awelum), os quais tinham direito a retaliações mais severas e maiores compensações por injúrias; mas, também, sofriam penas mais pesadas para ofensas cometidas, com maiores taxas e multas a pagar.
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2ª classe é representada pelos cidadãos comuns (mushkenum), os quais eram obrigados a aceitar compensações monetárias por injúrias corporais e pagavam menos taxas e multas.
Como no Capítulo XI do Código de Hamurabi, encontramos disciplinadas as penas impostas a quem causasse lesões corporais em outrem, que seguem a Lei do Talião, como por exemplo:
Artigo 200: “Se um homem arrancou um dente de outro homem livre igual a ele, arrancarão o seu dente.”
Artigo 206: “Se um homem livre agrediu em uma briga um outro homem livre e lhe infligiu um ferimento, esse homem livre deverá jurar: “Não o agredi deliberadamente.” Além disso deverá pagar o médico.”
Outras penas encontradas no Código de Hamurabi, descritas na História da Humanidade é quando “mão que bateu no pai será decepada”; “o olho que espiou segredos será extirpado”; ‘‘se um homem matar o filho de outro, terá o seu filho executado”, dentre outras penas aplicadas.
Outro exemplo encontrado na História da Antiguidade foi a Romana das XII Tábuas, no século V a. C., que dispunha: “Se alguém fere outrem, que sofra a pena do talião, salvo se houver acordo.”
Durante a Idade Média, outras leis se destacaram: a Lei Sálica, a germânica e as Capitulares de Carlos Magno, que contêm detalhes de anatomia sobre ferimentos e sobre reparação devida às vítimas, conforme a sede e a gravidade das mesmas. As Leis de Carlos Magno — as Capitulares estabelecem que os julgamentos devem se apoiar nos pareceres médicos para se basear na...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Perícias judiciais na medicina do trabalho
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- Homenagem ao Professor Osvaldo Paulino
- Preliminar
- Prefácio
- Código de ética pericial
- Histórico
- Ações cíveis
- História geral do direito do trabalho
- Perícias médicas
- Responsabilidade civil e criminal em acidentes do trabalho
- Rotina frente às varas trabalhistas e cíveis
- Legislação e perícia
- Toxicologia ocupacional
- Normas regulamentadoras NR-15 e NR-16
- Ações indenizatórias e ações de reintegração
- Aparelhagem mínima para avaliação ambiental
- Roteiro para elaboração de laudo pericial
- Roteiro prático para avaliação ambiental
- Custos periciais
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