- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Curso Moderno de Direito Civil
- Curso Moderno de Direito Civil. Contratos E Responsabilidade Civil
- 2ª Parte. Das Várias Espécies de Contrato
Constituição de renda
Páginas | 360-364 |
Page 360
Imagine-se uma pessoa possuir capital em bens móveis ou imóveis e não estando segura de que com ele vai apurar uma renda suficiente para sua sobrevivência, concorda em transferir o domínio de seus bens a uma outra pessoa que se obriga a pagar uma prestação periódica. Para essa operação, utiliza-se do contrato de constituição de renda, consoante mostra o art. 803 do CC: "Pode uma pessoa, pelo contrato de constituição de renda, obrigar-se para com outra a uma prestação periódica, a título gratuito". Vale, ainda, sobre o tema, apreciarmos o conteúdo do art. 804 do mesmo Código: "O contrato pode ser também a título oneroso, entregando-se bens móveis ou imóveis à pessoa que se obriga a satisfazer as prestações a favor do credor ou de terceiros".
Percebe-se, pois, que o credor das prestações periódicas transfere seu capital a terceiro para poder exigir uma renda. Há, então, uma alienação do capital, um direito real quando registrada no cartório imobiliário. Caso contrario, continuará regida pelos princípios obrigacionais.284"O credor adquire o direito à renda dia-a-dia, se a prestação não houver de ser paga adiantada, no começo de cada um dos períodos prefixos" (CC, art. 811).
Page 361
O beneficiário ingressa nesse negócio em busca de segurança, de uma pensão periódica que lhe garanta a sua subsistência. Pode ser o próprio rentista ou um terceiro.
Essa espécie de contrato foi muito utilizada no passado, não encontrando ressonância na atualidade. "Têm-se, hoje, - avisa Carlos Alberto Bittar - inúmeros fundos, montepios e caixas de pecúlio que, sob regimes próprios, permitem a formação de fontes autônomas de rendas".285
A pessoa que ingressa no negócio de constituição de renda está à procura de uma pensão periódica que garanta sua subsistência. Quem entrega o capital tem o nome de instituidor ou rentista; a pessoa que recebe o capital e promete a renda, chama-se censuário ou rendeiro. "Quando a renda é instituída em favor de um terceiro, este é o beneficiário e o contrato toma forma de estipulação em favor de terceiro".286
O beneficiário pode ser o próprio instituidor que entrega parte ou todo o seu patrimônio ao rendeiro para obter renda em seu próprio benefício. Essa situação é realizada através do contrato e, assim, a constituição de renda se dá mediante ato entre-vivos. "É nula a constituição de renda em favor de pessoa já falecida, ou que nos trinta dias seguintes, vier a falecer de moléstia que já sofria, quando foi celebrado o contrato" (CC, art. 808). Se constituída mediante a alienação de um imóvel de valor superior a trinta vezes o maior salário mínimo vigente no País, deverá constituir-se por escritura pública; se for móvel, basta um documento escrito.
"O contrato para a constituição de renda será feito a prazo certo, ou por vida, podendo ultrapassar a vida do devedor mas não a do credor, seja ele o contratante, seja terceiro" (CC, art. 806). O que é importante anotar é que, no momento...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Curso moderno de Direito Civil. Contratos e Responsabilidade Civil
- 2ª Parte. Das várias espécies de contrato
- Da compra e venda
- Das cláusulas especiais à compra e venda
- Da troca ou permuta
- Do contrato estimatório ou de consignação
- Da doação
- Da locação de coisas
- Empréstimo: comodato
- Empréstimo: mútuo
- Da prestação de serviços
- Da empreitada
- Do depósito
- Do mandato
- Do contrato de comissão
- Da agência e distribuição
- Da corretagem
- Do transporte
- Do contrato de seguro
- Constituição de renda
- Do jogo e da aposta
- Da fiança
- Da transação
- Do compromisso
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