Relação Jurídica de Seguridade Social
Autor | Wladimir Novaes Martinez |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado especialista em Direito Previdenciário |
Páginas | 121-125 |
Page 121
A partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, convencionou-se designar de seguridade social ao conjunto integrado de três técnicas protetivas precedentes: previdência, assistência e saúde. Para alguns, os serviços sanitários compreendidos didaticamente na assistência social.
Os referidos instrumentos efetivam-se mediante ministérios gestores e entes governamentais administradores, isto é, com azienda singular. Todavia, dessa soma de políticas nacionais específicas, a seguridade social, entendida como sistema, apenas emerge no Conselho Nacional da Seguridade Social, organismo colegiado paritário contido no MPS, desaparecido com a Medida Provisória n. 1.799-5/1999. Fora da concepção doutrinária e do texto legal, ela não tem corpo.
Compreendendo-se a relação jurídica como elo entre pessoas, não existe a de seguridade social, pois esta última não é entidade materializada, mas plano programático dividido, como antecipado, em três ordenamentos reais. Como carta de intenções, decomposta conforme situação enfocada subsiste vínculo formal, tomadas as características e diferentes aspectos genericamente, podendo melhor visualizar-se em cada uma das diferentes técnicas.
Por isso, o exame da relação jurídica de previdência, assistência ou saúde, empreendido no capítulo seguinte, representa continuação e esmiuçamento da relação jurídica de seguridade social e, pela proximidade com o interesse maior, ali é desenvolvida sistematicamente.
José Reis Feijó Coimbra prefere a expressão "regra jurídica", em vez de "relação jurídica". Para ele, acostando-se a Cunha Gonçalves ("Tratado de Direito Civil", p. 332), relação jurídica é "uma relação inter-humana, tornada de social em jurídica pela incidência da norma, relação suscitada pela ocorrência de contato que a regra jurídica integrou no mundo do Direito e por força do qual certo sujeito poderá exigir de outrem uma atitude ou uma prestação" ("Natureza jurídica da obrigação previdenciária", in RPS n. 50/3).
181. Polos relacionados - A relação jurídica de seguridade social dá-se entre dois sujeitos distintos: a) o órgão gestor, representado por pessoa jurídica de direito público ou privado (fundação ou associação civil), organismo central do
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governo, autarquia e, por delegação, até entes descentralizados; e b) os destinatários da proteção social, isto é, contribuintes ou beneficiários, conforme cada ordenamento, segurados e dependentes, em matéria de previdência social, assistidos, no tocante à assistência social, atendidos, quanto às ações de saúde.
Excepcionalmente, envolve outros interessados não contribuintes nem beneficiários. Indivíduos especificados oportunamente, quando do estudo dos sujeitos correspondentes aos três instrumentos.
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Curso de Direito Previdenciário
- Noções de Direito Previdenciário
- Conceito Sintético
- Escorço Histórico
- Terminologia Usual
- Natureza Jurídica
- Enquadramento Científico
- Objeto e Objetivo
- Fontes Formais
- Características Básicas
- Conteúdo e Alcance
- Autonomia Jurídica
- Relações com Ramos Jurídicos e Ciências
- Justiça Competente
- Integração e Interpretação
- Aplicação da Norma no Espaço
- Direito Intertemporal
- Princípios Jurídicos
- Codificação e Consolidação
- Relação Jurídica de Seguridade Social
- Relação Jurídica de Previdência Social
- Relação Jurídica de Assistência Social
- Relação Jurídica de Ações de Saúde
- Acordos Internacionais
- Natureza Jurídica da Contribuição
- Teoria Jurídica do Risco
- Direito ao Lazer
- Normas de Superdireito
- Crimes Previdenciários
- Legitimidade Previdenciária
- Filosofia do Direito Previdenciário
- Perda de Identidade da Previdência Social
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