- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Curso de Direito Processual do Trabalho Vol. I. Processo de Conhecimento 1
- Quinta Parte - Processo
Conceito
Autor | Manoel Antonio Teixeira Filho |
Páginas | 175-176 |
Page 175
O processo é o método, a técnica, o instrumento de que se utiliza o Estado para, no exercício do seu poder-dever jurisdicional monopólico, solucionar os conflitos de interesses, individuais ou coletivos, que tenham por objeto um bem ou uma utilidade da vida.
O vocábulo processo deriva do latim processus, de procedere, que sugere, no plano judiciário, a ideia de marcha à frente, de caminhar adiante. É, precisamente, em nome desse imperativo de seguir avante que se instituiu a figura da preclusão, por meio da qual se impede que a parte possa praticar atos relativos a fases processuais ultrapassadas, oclusas, vale dizer, que acarretem um retrocesso do curso processual. No terreno judiciário, portanto, o vocábulo processo se opõe a retrocesso, do mesmo modo como evolução e involução traduzem vocábulos de significados antagônicos.
O processo não se confunde com o procedimento. Este é o modo de a parte atuar em juízo, segundo a lei. É o rito que o legislador estabelece para que o interessado possa promover a defesa dos seus direitos no âmbito judiciário. O procedimento é, por assim dizer, o elemento exterior do processo, suas vestes formais, sendo constituído por um encadeamento lógico de atos, em regra preclusivos, que se iniciam pela provocação da atividade jurisdicional pelo interessado (petição inicial) e se desenvolvem, por impulso oficial, em direção ao seu ponto de culminância e de exaustão, que é a sentença de mérito.
Processo e procedimento não se referem a objetos diversos, senão que a aspectos distintos de um mesmo objeto. Na verdade, o processo e o procedimento compõem a relação jurídica processual, tendo, o primeiro, um traço substancial, e, o segundo, um traço formal.
A separação dos conceitos de processo e de procedimento não é inútil, nem meramente acadêmica, apresentando, ao contrário, um relevante interesse de ordem prática. Assim afirmamos porque a Constituição Federal atribui competência exclusiva à União para legislar sobre processo (art. 22, I), ao passo que a competência para editar normas sobre procedimento não é só da União, mas, também, em caráter concorrente, dos Estados e do Distrito Federal (art. 24, XI).
Classicamente, o processo vem sendo dividido em: a) de conhecimento; b) de execução;
c) cautelar. Essa classificação foi adotada pelo atual CPC. Mais recentemente, a doutrina incluiu nessa classificação d) o processo mandamental.
Page 176
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Curso de Direito Processual do Trabalho Vol. I. Processo de Conhecimento 1
- Quinta Parte - Processo
- Conceito
- Relação Jurídica Processual
- Natureza Jurídica do Processo
- Pressupostos Processuais
- Classificação dos Processos
- Formação, Suspensão e Extinção do Processo
- Sujeitos do Processo
- Litisconsórcio
- Assistência
- Intervenção de Terceiros
- Representação
- Advogados
- Juiz
- Ministério Público
- Da Advocacia Pública
- Da Defensoria Pública
- Nomenclatura Processual
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